從科研到科普：創新生物晶片單元的轉化詮釋

From Scientific Research to Popular Science: Transformation and Interpretation of Innovative Biochip Units

結合半導體與生醫技術的生物晶片，可運用在許多疾病的篩檢上。蛋白質晶片上被固定的抗體方向如若不一致，會使抗體跟抗原無法有效結合，影響晶片檢測效能。為克服此缺點，國內科學家發展出蛋白質晶片效能最佳化技術（EOP技術），透過外加電場牽引帶電性的蛋白質排列整齊固定在晶片上。對於跨領域的科研成果如何轉化成為一般人可以理解的科普展示，必須考慮專業資料的簡化以及研究脈絡的呈現。透過STEAM教育理念分析相關核心知識，作為展示詮釋之依據，並開發出兩件互動展品：生物晶片基礎單元以及EOP技術進階單元。本研究主要探討觀眾的參觀學習行為、參觀後的理解面向以及影響學習理解因素，資料收集採實地觀察與半結構式訪談進行。研究結果發現，觀眾參觀行為中與學習相關者，包括動手操作、朗讀、重複操作、相互討論、詢問問題等，其中重複操作行為相對明顯。觀眾參觀後對於生物晶片及EOP技術的理解面向集中在生物晶片的種類用途以及提高生物晶片檢測準確度上，但對於如何提升檢測效能的技術面關注較少。影響觀眾學習理解因素有三項：疫情下的生活經驗可引起參觀興趣；難易度區分的展示可讓不同背景與不同教育程度的觀眾各有所得；參觀過程的助力與人際互動有關，現場解說服務可協助即時跨越理解障礙，觀眾成員間的彼此討論有助於提高學習意願。

Biochips that integrate semiconductor and biomedicine technologies can be used to screen for various diseases. If antibodies fixed on a protein chip exhibit inconsistent directions, they cannot combine effectively with antigens, resulting in compromised effectiveness of disease detection. To overcome this problem, scientists in Taiwan developed an efficiency-optimization-of-protein-on-chip (EOP) solution that uses an external electric field to facilitate the neat arrangement of charged proteins on chips. To convert results from interdisciplinary scientific research to popular science information understandable to the general audience, technical data must be simplified to present the research context. This study employed the STEAM education philosophy to analyze relevant core knowledge as the basis for displaying the interpretation of technical information. Two interactive exhibits were developed concerning an introductory unit on biochips and an advanced unit on EOP technology. This study explored visitors' visit and learning behaviors, their post-visit comprehension, and factors that affected their learning and comprehension. Data was collected through onsite observations and semi-structured interviews. The research results pertaining to visit behaviors revealed that the behaviors related to learning included hands-on operation, reading aloud, repeated operation, discussion, and asking questions. Among these behaviors, repeated operation was the most pronounced. After their visits, the visitors' comprehension of biochips and EOP technology was centered on the types and applications of biochips as well as on the increasing accuracy of biochip detection tests. However, they paid little attention to the technology for increasing test effectiveness. The three factors that affected the visitors' learning comprehension were (1) the life experiences that they acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic, which triggered their interest to visit; (2) the division of the exhibition areas by topic complexity, which allowed visitors with different backgrounds and levels of education to all learn something through their visits; and (3) the assistance provided during the visits that were related to interpersonal interactions. Specifically, onsite guidance services can help visitors to overcome their comprehension barriers in a timely manner, and the discussions that visitors engage in can increase their willingness to learn.