台灣北部某縣市幼托園所教師視力保健研習成效

The Effectiveness of the Vision Health Training among Preschool Teachers in in North of Taiwan

目的：本研究目的在瞭解台灣北部某縣市幼托園所教師接受150分鐘的視力保健研習的成效。方法：本研究利用單組前後測設計，研究對象為參與某縣市幼托園所教師視力保健研習教師。此150分鐘研習主要希望能讓教師對於推動幼兒視力保健能有基本認識，課程涵蓋幼兒視力問題、近視機轉與原理、預防近視與近視的治療等內容。以網路填答問卷方式進行前、後測收集，前測共72人上網填答，後測共47人上網填答，前後測均上網填答共41人，填答率為41%。研究工具包含個人資料、視力保健知識、態度與執行意願等結構式問卷。結果：教導孩子的平均年齡以≦3歲最多（N=16，佔39.02%）。教師罹患近視有33人（佔80.49%），高度近視11人（佔26.83%）。12位自己孩子罹患近視（佔29.27%），其中3人高度近視（佔7.32%）。視力保健知識正確率前測達56.10%～97.56%之間，後測達75.61%～100%之間，前後測具顯著差異為「近視非不得已才戴眼鏡」、「度數不要配到足度」、「散瞳劑是毒藥」、「近視沒關係，但不要高度近視」、「協助設計戶外活動」與「協助幼兒視力保健的意願」。建議：視力保健研習後顯著提升幼兒教師對於避免高度近視、散瞳劑使用與配戴眼鏡的認識。並能提升教師執行視力保健活動與融入戶外活動的意願。建議未來衛生主管機關應持續提供幼托園所教師視力保健研習。

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 150-minute vision health training for preschool teachers. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design for preschool teachers in a county in Northern Taiwan was performed. The vision health training program was implemented for 150 minutes with the topics of children's vision problems, the mechanism and principle of myopia, and prevention and treatment of myopia, etc. The pre-and post-tests were collected online. Data was collected form 72 subjects in the pre-test and 47 subjects in the post-test (response rate of 41%). Among them, a total 41 subjects answered in both the pre- and post-tests. We adopted the structured questionnaires to evaluate the outcome including personal data, vision health knowledge, attitude and implementation willingness on children's vision care. Results: The average age of their students was≦3 years old. A total of 33 teachers suffered from myopia and 11 of whom had high myopia. Additionally,29.27% (n=12) of the teachers' own children suffered from myopia, and 3 of whom had high myopia. The correct rate of vision health knowledge was 56.10%-97.56% in the pre-test, and 75.61%-100% in the post-test. The items with significant differences between the pre- and post-test were 'Don't wear glasses after myopia unless you have to' and 'Don’t match your glasses to the full degree.', 'Mydriatics are poison', 'Myopia is acceptable, but don't become high myopia', 'Willing to assist in designing outdoor activities' and 'Willing to help young children's vision care'. Suggests: Teachers' understanding of myopia treatment, such as avoiding high myopia, the use of mydriatics and wearing glasses, is relatively low. After the intervention, it has been significantly improved. Besides, teachers' willingness to perform vision care activities and integrate into outdoor activities was significantly improved. It is suggested that vision health training program should be continuously provided for preschool teachers in the future.