探索文化自治的內涵及實踐

Exploring the Concept of Cultural Autonomy and Its Application

我們先將說明文化自治的內涵，也就是非地域式的自治。接著回顧歐洲從十九世紀末、到二十世紀初的各種嘗試，包括鄂圖曼帝國米利特制度、奥地利社會民主主義者的訴求，以及一次大戰、及二次大戰後的安排。再來釐清少數族群的概念、及族群結構，包括少數族群的分類、以及族群的跨國界聯繫，進而考察國際法關於少數族群保障的規範，然後解析自治體要如何來設計。最後，我們將檢視匈牙利少數族群的文化自治是如何實踐，包括設置的依據、自治的範圍與模式、成員的身分、財源，以及治理的構面。

We shall begin with a brief introduction of the notion of cultural autonomy, that is, non-territorial autonomy. We then review various efforts from the end of the 19^(th) century to the era after World War II. We next move to the delineation of the concept of ethnic minority and the ethnic structure of a state, including classification of ethnic minorities and ethnic linkages across national boundaries. Further, we will look into how international law norms provides for protections of minority rights, and investigate how political entity of autonomy can be designed. Finally, we will examine how Hungary has implemented cultural autonomy so far.