菲律賓文化創意產業之初探研究：文創產業表現及國家發展論述分析

Preliminary Study on the Cultural and Creative Industries in the Philippines: How Will CCI Contribute to National Development Discourses of the Philippines?

2017年菲律賓宣示將積極發展文化創意產業，作為一個發展中國家，文化創意產業如何在菲律賓發展？又為其社會帶來什麼貢獻？無疑是首先值得關注的部分。因此，本研究為菲律賓文化創意產業之初探研究，主要探討兩個面向的問題，首先是探討文化創意產業對菲律賓的實質貢獻為何？其次是探索菲律賓法律與國家發展政策中如何形成該國的文化創意產業發展論述？本研究發現，從各項經濟數據顯示，文創產業對菲律賓近十年的貿易額、勞工薪資和GDP佔比都有顯著提升，對於菲律賓社會發展確實有所貢獻。相應的，從1990年代文化產業相關政策開始受到菲律賓重視，分析相關政策論述和具體法案擬定之論述內涵，由此可以發現，菲律賓具有將文化創意產業作為促進經濟發展的工具傾向。然而對於文化價值追求，則可以在菲律賓最新的五年國家發展報告中發現，更多文化概念和文化價值保存的制度設計的出現，可以發現菲律賓國家發展政策正由經濟價值追求朝向文化價值的方向發展。

The Philippines asserted to actively facilitate the development cultural and creative industries in 2017. How can cultural and creative industries develop in a developing country such as the Philippines? How will cultural and creative industries contribute to its society? These are both worthy of primary concern. This preliminary study focused on exploring two aspects of the cultural and creative industries in the Philippines. First, this study examined the actual contributions of cultural and creative industries to the Philippines. Second, the researchers investigated how the discourse of cultural and creative industry development is formulated under the laws and state development policies of the Philippines. This research determined that various economic statistics indicated that cultural and creative industries have substantially enhanced the trade volume, laborer’s income, and its proportion in the country’s GDP, demonstrating these industries contribution to the social development of the Philippines. Relevant Policies of cultural industries have gained attention in the Philippines since the 1990s. Analysis on the discourses of policies and actual acts developed showed that the Philippines had a tendency to adopt cultural and creative industries as a tool to stimulate economic development. However, the pursuit of cultural values can be observed in the Philippines’ national development reports in the recent 5 years. The presence of an increasing number of cultural concepts and system designs for cultural value preservation indicated that the Philippines is transforming its national development policies from economic value-oriented to cultural value-oriented ones.