越南陳朝陳仁宗「居塵樂道」禪觀之略探

A Brief Exploration of Zen View “Living in Joyous Faith” by Trần Nhân Tông in Tran Dynasty of Vietnam

眾所周知，「居塵樂道」觀點為越南陳朝竹林禪派創祖陳仁宗禪法之要領。源出於仁宗〈居塵樂道賦〉末之詩偈，「居塵樂道」觀點涵蓋了六祖慧能「佛法在世間，不離世間覺」及入世精神之要義。不過，若將之推本溯源而論，則離不開釋迦文佛所說諸經中之「居塵」與「樂道」禪觀。本文以禪宗歷史與哲學視角論述「居塵樂道」觀點佛家禪學中之涵義及演變，並將印度、中國、越南仁宗前的禪學與仁宗「居塵樂道」觀相較異同之處。與此同時，本文將文哲史為商榷此觀點在仁宗禪法的顯現、發揮和轉化，並略論「居塵樂道」觀點對越南後代禪學的影響及貢獻。

As we all know, the view of the “Living in secular with Joyous Faith” (jū chén lè dào) is the essential of Zen Dharma by Trần Nhân Tông, he was also the founder of Bamboo Forest Zen sect in Tran Dynasty of Vietnam. The origin of Nhân Tông’s poetry “Ode of Living in secular with Joyous Faith” via the gist view of this poem had been influenced by the essence of The Sixth Patriarch Huìnéng’s philosophy “The Buddha Dharma is right here in the world, there is no awakening apart from this world” and worldly spirit. However, if it is traced back to the source, it is inseparable from the “Living in secular” and “Joyous Faith” Zen View in the Sakyamuni Buddha’s scriptures. In this article, I discuss the meaning and evolution of Zen Buddhism “Living in secular with Joyous Faith” from the perspective of Zen history and philosophy, as well as compares his poetry through earlier the Zen Buddhism in India, China and Vietnam to find similarities and differences. Meantime, I discuss the manifestation, exertion and transformation of his Zen philosophy too. Conclusion, this article briefly discusses the influences and contribution of “Living in secular with Joyous Faith” as well as viewpoint to the Zen studies of Vietnamese descendants.