跨界移動的環境觀——東南亞籍新移民女性的環境理解方式初探：以泰國、柬埔寨及越南三國為例

Environmental Worldview of Transborders: An Exploratory Case Study on Ways of Environmental Understanding of Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam Female Immigrants

一個人如何理解環境，也引導了他對待環境的方式。環境觀是人與環境持續動態互動的文化產物，深受一個人成長歷程、當下所處的自然與社會環境，以及個人的性別、種族及文化等要素所影響。東南亞籍新移民女性作為跨界移動的臺灣特殊族群，她們如何理解環境，是本研究關切的核心議題。本研究使用詮釋學取徑，首先實際參與臺北市美仁里舉辦的新移民中文學習班及新北市新店區國際文教中心的新移民活動，透過共學、閒聊、經驗分享等互動方式，了解新移民女性的生活經驗；接著，挑選六位生命故事較為豐富的研究對象並進行深度訪談，且依據研究對象所關心的生活領域聚焦環境議題的範圍及設計訪談問題。研究結果發現，東南亞籍新移民女性無論在理解環境的方式，或對環境關係的定義，都是建立在生存的基礎上。由生存需求出發的環境觀呈現兩種型態：一是視環境為家的「共生」型態，由「動態平衡」、「道德關懷」及「跨界連結」三項要素所構成；二是視環境為資源的「互利」型態，由「平等分配」、「適可而止」及「利益最大化」三項要素所構成。這兩種關係型態相互彌補及制衡，在自我、下一代、社會及環境之間編織了一張維持彼此和諧共處的關係網，驅動她們在臺灣的日常生活實踐。

One's interpretation of environmental worldview is the foundation of how one treats environment. Environmental worldview is a cultural product of continuous dynamic interaction between human and environment. It is largely shaped by factors, such as personal growing experience, the natural and social context one lives in and the gender, race and cultural background of an individual. This study aims to explore the ways of Southeast Asian female immigrants understanding environment with a focus on the Taiwan context. The research framework employs a hermeneutics approach. By having chitchatting, co-learning and experience sharing with female immigrants in the New Immigrants Language Class held by Meiren Vil Church and activities held by New Taipei City International Cultural Center Xindian District, the authors has learnt the life experiences of female immigrants. They have also conducted in-depth interviews with 6 female immigrants who have a wealth of life experiences. The interview questions are framed and set according to issues concerning the interviewees. The result of the study shows that Southeast Asian female immigrants understand environment and define their relationship with environment based on their subsistence. Two patterns of environmental worldview are found. The first pattern is a coexisting relationship that sees environment as home. It is comprised of three elements, namely dynamic equilibrium, moral concern and cross-boundary connection. The second is a mutually-beneficial relationship that sees environment as resources. It consists of three elements, namely equal distribution, enough is enough and benefit maximization. Both patterns are complementary to and counterbalance each other in a network that underpins the harmony between female immigrants, their future generation, the society and environment, enabling them to adapt to the daily life in Taiwan.