越南「好女性」的文化邊界與「越南新娘」：「尊嚴」vs.「靈魂之債」

The Cultural Boundary of ''Good Women'' in Vietnam and ''Vietnamese Brides'': ''Pride'' vs. ''Debt of the Soul''

越南社會在台越跨國婚姻議題上，呈現出「尊嚴」與「靈魂之債」價值的對立，即「邊陲／下層／家庭的生存」與「中央／上層／精英的國族尊嚴」的對立；許多越南傳統鄉村「家庭的『好女兒』」，卻同時成了國族的『壞女孩』」。本研究認為，「好女性」的文化邊界在越南社會，沿著階級邊界呈現價值的衝突。這些為家庭生計而遠嫁他方的「越南新娘」，在試圖維持「下層／邊緣／鄉村」的「好女性」的文化邊界－犧牲、利他、孝／順－的同時，卻跨越了越南上層／知識／精英的「好女性」的「好婚姻」文化邊界－自主、真愛、尊嚴－的婚姻。68號決議案及相關後續修法，昭示了越南政府企圖透過公共政策來捍衛國家的「尊嚴」。這樣的政策行動，企圖建構一個屬於整體國族的文化邊界；然而，呈現的並不是重劃邊界，是權力的展現－肯定與強化「上層／核心／中央／精英」認同的文化邊界標誌。

Are those ”Vietnamese brides”, who marry Taiwanese as a means to help their families to get a better-off future, ”good women” or ”bad women”? In Vietnam, a girl from a traditional family believes that by ”sacrificing” her own interest, or giving up her own dreams, in order to help her parents or brothers is something that a ”good daughter or sister” should do for her family. For girls of this kind, helping their families is for them, their ”a debt of the soul.” However, in the eyes of Vietnamese elites, these ”Vietnamese brides” are ”bad women” for they pursue a kind of marriage that is not based on ”true love” but on ”economic reasons.” They see this kind of cross-border marriage as ”a national shame” and one that should be ”prohibited” by law. From the perspective of cultural boundaries, this paper argues that the border line of ”good women” in Vietnam is one that has been drawn by upper-class Vietnamese who see ”marriage with true love” as a form of human ”pride” and is one of a prior value that should be adopted by ”good women”. And this border line excludes those ”good women” who are prepared to put their family's interest before her own interest, even though it may result sometimes in their having to marry someone they do not love.