東南亞客家族群認同與族群關係：以中央大學馬來西亞客籍僑生為例

Hakka Identity and Ethnic Relations in Southeast Asia: Use Overseas Hakka Students at the National Central University as Examples

客家族群的認同，以及客家人本身的能見度，一直是客家研究中重要的課題。本文發現東南亞客家族群的認同，在系統與生活世界都出現隱形認同的現象，與當地的族群關係，也相當的特殊，本文分別以客家對馬來人、印度人與客家以外的華人的關係來分析。本文，運用深度訪談，針對中央大學馬來西亞的客籍僑生為分析對象，並配合馬來西亞的實地訪查資料進行討論。馬來西亞是一個多元族群、多元文化的國家。在這裡華人是客家人，福建人，廣東人共同認定的歸屬類別，相對於印度人，馬來人而存在，客家族群作為在華人類屬的一個次集合，並不彰顯的獨特性，從宗教，飲食乃至於語言，雖然不是不可認定，但是並不明顯。在公共領域如此，在家庭裡面也有式微的現象。客家認同在東南亞的社會裡，於私於公都是不明顯。沒有清楚的客家認同意識，也沒有發現對客家語言、文化流失的積極措施。

The ethnic identity and social visibility of Hakka themselves are two major topics in the Hakka researches. Therefore, the ethnicity, social visibility and the relationship with local ethnic groups are the focal concerns of this paper. This paper, besides data from related documents, is based on interviews conducted on overseas Hakka students at the National Central University. Malaysia is a country with multiple cultures and multiple ethnic groups, each demonstrating its peculiar culture. Here Chinese people were generally categorized into Hakkas, Fujianese, and Cantonese. Contrasting to the Indians and the Malays, the Hakkas existed as a sub-grouping of Chinese people with no apparent peculiarities from the perspectives of religion, food, and even language, though not totally un-identifiable, they were un-manifested.Situations are so in the public domain, and are vanishing in the private families. In the society of Southeast Asia, the Hakkas are un-apparent in both public and private arenas. There is no clear sense of Hakka identity, nor any aggressive measure taken to prevent its language from vanishing.