全球基本結構的公平正義如何可能──試回應羅爾斯未完成的國際正義論述

How is the Justice as Fairness of Global Basic Structure Possible-An Attempt to Respond to Rawls' Unfinished Discourse of International Justice

本文嘗試回應羅爾斯未完成的國際正義論述。首先闡釋何以羅爾斯反對全球基本結構的差異原則以及認為世界政府將大而無當。其次則說明在羅爾斯過世後，擺脫西方中心論的歷史學與地理學，如何使得建立全球基本結構的公平正義問題迫在眉睫。這些發展，讓我們必須從社會基本結構蛻變到全球基本結構去建立更普世標準的公平正義。第三則是由於全球氣候變遷與數位科技的巨變，加上新冠肺炎疫情在全世界此起彼落，對比羅爾斯在《萬民法》最後問「人類到底值不值得存活在這個地球上」，本文則主張必須正視力量王國在現實全球基本結構的關鍵影響力。

This article attempts to respond to Rawls' unfinished discourse on international justice. The first is to explain why Rawls opposes the principle of difference in the global basic structure and believes that the world government will be large and unjustified. The second is to explain how, after Rawls' death, getting rid of Western-centric history and geography made the issue of fairness and justice in the global basic structure imminent. With these developments, we must transform from the social basic structure to the global basic structure to establish a more universal standard of fairness and justice. The third is due to global climate change and major changes in digital technology, coupled with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pneumonia around the world. By contrasting Rawls at the end of The Law of Peoples asks ＂whether it is worthwhile for human beings to live on the earth＂, the article argues that we must face up to the key influence of the power kingdom in the basic global structure of reality.