運動員正向情緒與競賽焦慮關係之探討

A Study on the Relationship between Athletes' Positive Emotions and Competition Anxiety

目的：主要在探討運動員正向情緒與競賽焦慮關係之關聯性。研究方法：透過文獻分析法將所得資料加以歸納與分析，並從中探討運動正向情緒與競賽焦慮之定義、理論及相關文獻等內容。研究發現：在正向情緒方面，其理論包含擴展假說、建設假說、消除假說、上升螺旋效應等四種；正向情緒可促進個體問題解決的能力，擴展個人正向情緒的經驗，以提升心理層面的抗壓能力，有助於身心健康發展、社會互動，以及運動潛能的發揮。在競賽焦慮方面，體育競賽焦慮是由認知結構組成的，當運動員的運動時實際行為和理想行為造成差距時，心理就會產生焦慮和壓力；而競賽焦慮理論則以三向度焦慮理論模式加以探究。結論與建議：正向情緒所帶來的影響是可提升心理資本中的每一個變項的能力，正向情緒對運動員有效的接收和反饋處理的能力具有重要的影響及擴大個體思考，提升心理層面的抗壓能力，減少競賽焦慮的發生，所以正向情緒與減少競賽焦慮息息相關。正向情緒屬於正向元素，而競賽焦慮會影響選手運動表現；建議運動員應提升正向情緒，以減少競賽焦慮的產生，進而提升運動表現。

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between athletes' positive emotions and competition anxiety. By analyzing the data obtained through the method of literature analysis, this study discusses the definition, theory and related literature on athletes’positive emotion and competition anxiety. The study finds that there are four theories on positive emotions: expansion hypothesis, construction hypothesis, elimination hypothesis, and upward spiral effect. Positive emotions can improve an athlete’problem-solving ability, expand his/her positive emotion experience, and improve his/her mental strength to resist stress at different levels. These can contribute to the development of his/her physical and mental health, social interaction, and the development of potential. In terms of competition anxiety, sports competition anxiety is composed of cognitive structure. When there exists a gap between the actual behavior and ideal behavior of an athlete, psychological anxiety and pressure will be generated. On the other hand, competition anxiety theory is explored in a three-dimensional model of anxiety theory. In conclusion, the effect of positive emotions can improve every variable of psychological capital. Positive emotions can have a critical impact on an athlete’s ability to effectively receive and process feedback, expand the scope of his/her thinking, and improve his/her psychological levels. The ability to resist stress can reduce the occurrence of competition anxiety; therefore, positive emotions are closely related to the reduction of competition anxiety. Positive emotions are a positive element, while competition anxiety will affect the performance of an athlete. Therefore, improving the positive emotions of an athlete can reduce the generation of competition anxiety and improve sports performance.