國民黨黨產與威權統治之共生演化

The Symbiotic Evolution of Kuomintang’s Party Assets with the Authoritarian Rules

中國國民黨（以下簡稱「國民黨」）政權自1949 年遷徙臺灣以來，以威權主義（Authoritarianism）模式統治臺灣超過半個世紀，已是眾所周知的定論。然而在國民黨長期執政期間，該黨黨產究竟扮演何種角色？尤其黨產積累與威權統治之間，究竟形成何種互為犄角關係？目前的歷史研究，尚未能針對此一主題，說明兩者間之關聯性。本文嘗試從1947 年行憲前後，國民黨開始籌思如何積聚黨產以支應黨的開銷談起，接續論及遷臺後該黨為急於控制素無淵源的臺灣基層社會，因而利用執政優勢，大規模無償占用公有土地及房舍。尤其自1950 年中後期開始，為在接二連三的地方性選舉中取得勝選，國民黨全面動用其黨產進行買票作票，黨產成為國民黨鞏固其地方政權的重要憑藉。

The Kuomintang regime implemented authoritarian rules for more than half a century since its immigration to Taiwan at 1949 has been a well known historical conclusion. But what is the role of its “party assets” during the long term of Kuomintang’s rules? Especially what is the nature of the mutual supporting relationship between Kuomintang’s authoritarian rules and its party assets? This article tries to tell the how Kuomintang began to accumulate its party assets in order to meet the sizable expenses which used to be paid by the government treasury before the national constitution was put into effect at December 1947. And in order to control Taiwanese grassroots society as soon as possible, after its immigration to Taiwan Kuomintang appropriated the governmental estates and property to establish its own local branches as a nationwide move. Kuomintang even used its party assets to bring about ballot buying and vote frauds to make sure it would win the local elections after mid-1950s.