特權取得獨佔事業之分析：以黨營事業南勢角工廠為例

From the Political Privilege to Economic Monopoly: Study of the Party-Owned Enterprise Nan Shih Chio Factory

南勢角工廠為中國國民黨黨營事業在台初期最重要的收入來源，其原為日產企業「臺灣窒素工業株式會社」，戰後被公營的工礦公司接收經營，但卻在「耕者有其田」政策下被中國國民黨以非常規的方式移轉至黨營事業齊魯企業股份有限公司旗下。 南勢角工廠的龐大利潤來自寡占的炸藥市場，以及獨佔的雷管、導火索市場，在台灣積極進行工業工程的1950 年代，創下每年400至800 萬元的盈餘。雖然後來因擎天神公司的創立而失去炸藥市場的優勢，但生產雷管、導火索的市場壟斷持續至1992 年歇業為止。在南勢角工廠的案例中，「黨政特權」在「進入市場」環節中介入，造成公權獨佔的事業移轉，這樣的「公權移轉」造成產業沒有競爭者，並與公家單位維持合作關係，即便在「機會分配」上國民黨並未多做介入，南勢角工廠依然成為穩定的收入來源，甚至成為政府的「慣性業務」。 南勢角工廠為中國國民黨的不當取得財產，即便他已停業，其工廠土地仍持續為黨營事業帶來租金收入。現黨產會已對黨營事業做出處分，政黨不當取得財產或許將收歸國有，但在轉型正義的過程中，歷史真相必須還原，不然國家將只是取回曾叫「南勢角工廠」的一片土地，而遺忘「曾經撐起台灣工礦業爆炸品的南勢角工廠」，更無法記取「中國國民黨在台灣各大建設中從爆炸品項目抽了一手」的歷史教訓。

Nan Shih Chio Factory（南勢角工廠） was the most important resource of income for the Kuomintang (KMT) during its early years in Taiwan. It was originally a Japanese company “Taiwan Nitrogen industry corporation”（Taiwan Chisoo, 臺灣窒素工業株式會社） when Taiwan was under Japanese governance. After the World War II, the plant was taken over by a Taiwan Provincial Government-owned company “Taiwan Industrial and Mining Company”, an then transferred to a party-owned company, Chiloo Industries Inc.（齊魯企業）, by the KMT in an unconventional way under the ”Land to the Tiller” program. The huge profit of Nan Shih Chio Factory came from the oligopoly of explosives and the monopoly of detonators and fuses, with an annual surplus of $4-8 million in the 1950s when Taiwan was actively engaged in industry engineering. Although the factory lost the dominance in the explosives market due to the establishing of “Atlas Taiwan Corporation '', its monopoly in the market of detonators and fuses continued until the actory shut down in 1992. In the case of Nan Shih Chio Factory, the political privilege intervened in the “market entry”, which resulted in the transfer of government-owned monopoly. Such a “transfer of public power” in turn eliminated all the other competitors in the industry and maintained a corporative relationship between the factory and the public sector. Even if the KMT did not intervene in “allocation of opportunities”, the Nan Shih Chio Factory secured a stable resource of income and became a “long-standing business” of government. The Nan Shih Chio Factory is the improperly obtained property of the KMT. Even after it was shut down, the land continued to bring about lucrative rents for the party. Now that the Ill-Gotten Party Assets Settlement Committee (CIPAS) has made a disposition to restore the ill-gotten assets about KMT enterprise to the government, it’s also important that the historical truth should be restored as well in the process of transitional justice. ”Nan Shih Chio Factory” is not only the name of the land, it is also the factory that once dominated the explosives industry in Taiwan, and the unjustifiably received profit that KMT gain from the explosives industry.