中國古典散文中「轉筆」的句法形式表現探究──以歐陽脩散文為例

A Study on the Syntactic Form of“Zhuanbi”in Classical Chinese Prose—Taking Ouyang Xiu’s Prose as an Example

中國古典散文有著重視「轉筆」運用的傳統，唐宋八大家之一的歐陽脩尤長於轉筆的運用。從語言學的角度看，轉筆是一種關涉小句合成體（clause complex）的銜接（coherence）與連貫（cohesion）的篇章（text）現象，它顯諸複句層和複句以上的句群、句段層。本文以歐陽脩散文為語料，運用中文文法分析和篇章分析（text linguistics and discourse analysis）的方法，探究中國古典散文中常見的一個文章評點學詞彙－－「轉」，它的句法形式表現。歐文的典範性及其多「轉」善「轉」的特質，使其成爲作「轉筆」分析的極好語料。經分析發現，歐文常用的「轉筆」，其句法形式的表現，在「複句」層級主要表現爲「轉折複句」；在「複句」以上層級，主要表現為三類：對比與差異（Contrastive and Differences），限制、補充、更正（Restrictive, Additional and Corrective）、話題轉換（Topic shift）。最後一類轉筆不似前兩類普遍，在歐文中，它典型地體現於其名文〈醉翁亭記〉中，且是成就該文之藝術形式的典範性、獨特性的重要原因之一。

This paper takes Ouyang Xiu’s prose, one of the Eight Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, as the corpus, and uses Chinese grammar analysis and text linguistics to explore the syntactic form of “zhuanbi”, a common comment word frequently used in traditional Chinese literary criticism and classical Chinese prose. Classical writing has always attached great importance to “zhuanbi”, and Ouyang Xiu’s exemplary nature and his great ability of “zhuanbi” makes it an excellent corpus for the analysis. Through analysis, it is found that the syntactic forms of “zhuanbi” commonly used in Chinese classical prose mainly fall into three categories: Contrastive and Differences, Restrictive, Additional and Corrective, and Topic Shift. The first two types of “zhuanbi” are prevalent in Ouyang Xiu’s prose. The last type is typically reflected in his masterpiece “The Story of Old Tippler’s Pavilion”, which is also one of the important reasons for this essay’s artistic excellence and uniqueness.