博物館推動海洋教育新方向──家長海洋科學態度與子女學習海洋科學的相關性

Museums Lead Changes in Marine Education: The Relationship Between Parents’Attitudes Towards Marine Science and Their Children’s Study of Marine Science

臺灣四面環海，與海洋環境關係密切。政府透過各項政策推行海洋教育，希望能提升全民海洋素養。其中海洋科學教育是海洋教育重要的一部分，現今制式教育下推行海洋科學教育，尚遭遇困境，博物館可以輔助推動海洋科學教育。在非制式場域中，學童的學習常發生在親子互動中，如果能得知家長對海洋科學的態度對其子女學習海洋科學的影響，便能提供博物館推動海洋科學教育參考。 本研究透過問卷調查方式，調查父母在海洋科學的態度對孩子學習海洋科學的影響，並提出非制式場域在展示及活動規劃時，推廣海洋科學教育的建議。研究結果顯示，父母在海洋科學態度構面對於孩子學習海洋科學有很大的影響，特別是父母對海洋永續發展的責任心與孩子學習海洋科學有顯著的高相關性。非制式教育場合可以針對海洋的永續發展重要性發展展示或科普活動、以及設計可在家延伸學習的海洋科學教材教案，可提升父母及孩子的海洋科學素養，也有利於其子女學習海洋科學。

Surrounded by the sea, Taiwan relies on the ocean for job opportunities and economic growth. To improve citizens’ marine literacy, the government has implemented many policies, among which marine science education plays a key role. In light of a dearth of teachers and a lack of educational material in formal education, informal education by institutions such as science museums is expected to play a part in improving the marine literacy of the public. The parent–child learning relationship is often key in such informal education, hence, the impact of parents’ attitudes towards marine science on their children’s study of marine science is worthy of investigation. The results of this study offer teaching suggestions for institutions of marine education. This study investigated the influence of parents’ attitudes towards marine science on children’s study of marine science through the use of a questionnaire survey, and provides suggestions for informal marine science education when planning exhibitions and events. Study results found that parents’ attitude towards marine science had a strong influence on their children’s study of marine science; parents’ sense of responsibility towards sustainable ocean development was especially highly correlated with study of marine science. Implementation of marine science curriculum or activities for parent-children learning, developing activities or exhibitions about maintaining a sustainable ocean environment, and providing education material for parent-children learning at home may improve both parents’ and their children’s marine literacy.