《金史》列傳探源

Exploring the Origins of the Biographies within the History of Jin

本文從「三品」的意義中考察國史系統「史傳」之成立，惟有置於傳統史書纂修脈絡中，方能釐清《金史》本傳與碑誌的文獻關係。元末編纂《金史》人物本傳乃以實錄為基礎，但不單純地採據原附小傳，還從中逐條剪輯相關人物史料，最後成果：一是附傳加實錄，在原有記述體系基礎上採摭實錄中有關傳主事跡的條目；二是將各實錄中某一人物的諸條記載整合，編出新的篇什；三是裁出簡短的人物事跡，遵從傳統正史體例框架，設立類傳，以體現金源一代社會風尚。據此，我們檢討《金史》本傳大量抄自或兼採元好問《中州集》等書的通行觀點，根據諸案例證明，《中州集》《金史》本傳應當共同源自實錄，兩者文字歧異和相合，正符合這種文獻傳抄邏輯。

This paper examines the establishment of“historical biographies”史傳of national history from the meanings of the“three grades”三品, and only by situating them within the context of the compilation of traditional histories, can we clarify the relationship between the biographies in the History of Jin金史and epitaphs pertaining to the documents themselves. The biographies compiled by historians at the end of the Yuan dynasty were based on veritable records, but were not simply taken from the originals, rather being edited one by one with the use of relevant historical materials. The results of this process are as follows: firstly, the biographies were selected from the veritable records on the basis of the original recording system; secondly, a new entry was created for each figure after integrating the various records of the individual contained within the veritable records; finally, the shorter deeds of figures were omitted, and following the traditional framework of the official histories, classifications of biographies were established that reflected the social customs and practices of the Jin dynasty. Considering the above, when exploring the widely held opinion that the biographies found within the History of Jin were largely copied or selected from Yuan Haowen’s元好問(1190-1257) Collected Writings from Zhongzhou中州集and other works, the evidence presented in this paper demonstrates that the two works both likely originate from the veritable records.