淺論限制醫事及社工人員出國措施之合法性

Legality of Measures to Restrict Medical and Social Workers from Going Abroad

2019 年底新冠肺炎病毒疫情在中國大陸武漢市爆發，並在2020 年迅速蔓延至全世界。有賴我國中央疫情指揮中心以及各級地方政府之各項防疫措施，與世界各國相比，我國迄至2021 年均能有效遏止在境內蔓延。然而，中央疫情指揮中心曾於2020 年2 月23 日例行記者會中，宣告將限制在醫院服務之醫事及社工人員出國，並於2020 年3 月24 日將公文公告於衛生福利部網頁上，此等限制出境措施是否合法，實深受質疑。本文於論定其性質為對人之一般處分後，依相關規定檢驗其程序、記載等形式合法性，並以法律保留原則、比例原則以及平等原則檢驗其實質合法性。另外，中央疫情指揮中心就該等措施所宣稱之法律依據，是否符合法律明確性，亦有疑義，本文以附論形式予以探討。

The COVID-19 epidemic first broke out in Wuhan, China in 2019, and has been spreading rapidly around the world. Compared with other countries, Taiwan has effectively suppressed COVID-19 transmission by 2021 due to the prevention measures of Taiwan’s Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC) and local governments,. Nevertheless, at a regular press conference on February 23, 2020, the CECC announced that medical personnel and social workers who work in the hospital were prohibited from travelling abroad, following, and the official document was announced on the website of Ministry of Health and Welfare on March 24, 2020. The legality of outbound travel ban for medical personnel and social workers is under question. The article first define the outbound travel ban as addressee-related general disposition, and then examine the formal legality of its procedures and records in accordance with relevant articles (regulations), and its substantive legality with the principle of legal reservation (rule of law), the principle of proportionality, and the principle of equality. In addition, it is also doubtful whether the legal basis claimed by the CECC for these measures is in line with the principle of legal certainty. This article discusses it in the form of an auxiliary argument.