從青年敘事論國民黨小組會議與中共政治技術

Youth Narrative in the Nationalist Party's Small Group Meetings and the Chinese Communist Party's Political Techniques

青年及其敘事產生於現代性的特殊歷史情境，究其本質，是一種預設青年具有先天真知與進步性的世界觀。1938-1939年間，蔣中正開始大力推廣小組會議，很大可能是由於認識到青年敘事與中共崛起的關係。這是因為小組會議是中共運作權力領導社會的核心機制，它的主要受眾正是青年，而以編組與談話為手段。本文藉由考察小組會議在國民黨內的發想、實施與結果，指出國民黨未能實現中共運用小組會議經驗的一個重要因素，即在其對青年敘事的認識不夠全面深刻，導致對於自由思辨形塑共識過於樂觀，又無法接受超越道德的青年進步性，終究不能克制青年的反權威傾向。

Youth narrative assumes that youth is the force of progress in history. It also requires a kind of modern politics in which the supposedly innate knowledge and progressive worldview of youth are respected as the major source of legitimate power. As a form of political organization and practice prevailing in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Russia, small group meetings (kruzhok) embodied the tenet of the youth narrative. In order to deal with the challenge from the youth narrative and the CCP, the Nationalist Party adopted small group meetings in late 1938. By emulating CCP's kruzhok, Chiang Kai-shek believed that the whole Nationalist regime could be reinvigorated and thereby regain the support of youth. However, youth narrative was never fully accepted by major Nationalist leaders who cherished traditional values rather than the value-free truth. As such, those techniques based on youth narrative could not be properly applied. This historical experience reminds us that youth narrative, like other metanarratives, remains relevant to the practices and understandings of modern politics.