青少年男子跆拳道運動員相對年齡效應之研究

The Relative Age Effect on Performance of Male Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes

本研究調查青少年男子跆拳道選手出生月的人數分布，以了解是否存在相對年齡效應。研究對象為國高中男子跆拳道選手220 人，收集每位選手出生月份以及賽事成績等資料，出生月分四季進行統計，成績則依參加全國賽事曾獲前4 名者為優秀組，其餘為次佳組。數據以SPSS 22.0 中文版統計軟體處理，分別進行描述性統計和卡方檢定分析。結果顯示選手第一至四季出生人數分別為63、57、52、48 人，經卡方檢定P 值為0.514，人數分布差異不顯著。優秀與次佳組人數分別為45 與175 人，優秀組一至四季出生人數分別為19、12、6、8 人，卡方檢定P 值為0.032，人數分布差異顯著，第一、二季出生人數較多。次佳組一至四季出生人數分別為44、40、51、40 人，卡方檢定P 值為0.605，四季人數分布差異不顯著。根據本研究，優秀青少年男子跆拳道選手具相對年齡效應，而次佳選手則無。跆拳道青少年男子賽事競爭激烈，較早月分出生選手具有優勢，建議在評估青少年選手未來發展時，須考慮相對年齡效應的影響。

This study investigated the distribution of the number of young male Taekwondo players in each birth month to understand whether there is a relative age effect in Taekwondo. 220 male Taekwondo players in junior and high schools were recruited in the study. Data on each player's birth month and competition results were collected. Competitors are counted according to the month of birth and divided in four quarters (Q1-Q4). The scores of the contestants are based on the top 4 in the national competitions as the elite group, and the rest are the sub-elite group. The data was processed with SPSS 22.0 Chinese version statistical software, and descriptive statistics and chi-square test analysis were performed respectively. The results showed that numbers of the athletes born in quarters 1-4 were 63, 57, 52, and 48, respectively, and the p value was 0.514 by the Chi-square test. The number of the athletes in the elite group was 45, and 19, 12, 6, and 8 were born in Q1-Q4, respectively. The p value of the Chi-square test was 0.032 indicating significantly different distribution. The number of the athletes in the sub-elite groups was 175, and 44, 40, 51, and 40 were born in Q1-Q4, and the p value was 0.605 by the Chi-square test. Relative age effect exists in elite young male Taekwondo athletes, but not in the sub-elite athletes. Growth advantage shows an impact on the competition results. It suggests that the relative age effect should be considered in talent identification and development of young athletes.