運動員運動傷害之探討

The Study on Sport Injury in Athletes

本研究探討運動傷害之定義與分類；其次，分析運動傷害相關因子；最後，探究青少年運動員運動傷害之現況。結果發現運動傷害定義隨著時間產生變化，將醫療評估或協助、暫停訓練時間以及有無疼痛之主觀感受結合。而運動傷害分類方式各異，包含依照傷害狀況、傷害型態、傷害因素、傷害部位、傷害嚴重程度等方式進行分類。而運動傷害相關因子可歸納為個人因素（如訓練狀況、生理特質與心理狀態等）與外在因素（如環境硬體、運動類型與規則等）。因青少年屬於身心尚未發展成熟階段，研究也指出現今青少年運動員的運動傷害發生率不低，且運動傷害比例有年輕化的趨勢。而在青少年運動員常見運動傷害部位方面，就國內相關文獻整理後發現下肢為最常見運動傷害部位。此外，不同運動專項會因動作模式類似，而有類似的常見運動傷害部位。期能藉由本研究了解運動傷害相關因子及我國各運動專項常見之運動傷害部位，提供青少年運動員預防運動傷害之參考，以及未來推動運動傷害防護策略之用。

The purpose of this study was to explore the definition and classification of sport injuries. Secondly, the study analyzed the varies factors of sports injuries. Finally, the study researched the current situation about the sports injuries in adolescent athletes. The results were follows: 1. The definition of sports injury changes as time goes on. Nowadays, the definition mixes in medical evaluation and care, time loss, and subjective feelings. 2. The classification of sport injuries is according to difference and variety, such as situation, type, factors, body parts, severity, etc. Information about correlation factors classify into two categories: personal factors (e.g.: training protocols, biological and psychological characteristics, etc.) and external factors (e.g.: sport environment, types and rules etc.). In addition, adolescents differ from adults. Not only musculoskeletal system but also mind is not mature enough in adolescent. The past studies also found the sport injury rate in adolescent athletes is not low, and increases on younger generation. According to recent studies in our country, the most common body part about sport injuries is the lower limb. Although many sports seem different, sport mechanism and application are common. Therefore, similar sport mechanism and application will be with similar body parts about sport injuries.