清朝「選驗秀女」制度分析——以乾隆朝之相關法規範及案例為中心

Study on selection of xiunu in the Qing dynasty: focusing on relevant laws, regulations and cases during the Qianlong period

系所名稱：法律學系碩士班
學位別：碩士
畢業學年：109年
指導教授：陳惠馨
「選驗秀女」是清朝相當重要的政策及統治手段，在以帝制和八旗制度為核心的統治架構之下，其不僅是將擇偶優先權保障給皇帝及皇室男性成員的展現，更在皇帝與旗人家族之間建立起互信或者互相利用的緊密關係。歷來關於選驗秀女制度之研究多著重在歷史面向及社會生活方面，從法規範及官方載有實際案例的文件切入討論選驗秀女制度者少，筆者以自身在法律系學習之經驗嘗試建立法學觀點下的清朝選驗秀女制度圖像，一方面利用乾隆朝《欽定戶部則例》中「選驗秀女」之條文觀察清朝統治者對於秀女的品質有如何之要求，另一方面，本論文聚焦在《欽定大清會典則例》等與隱瞞或遺漏秀女有關的處罰規定之分析，並整理中央研究院歷史語言研究所內閣大庫檔案所藏乾隆年間關於「偷嫁、私聘秀女」、「隱瞞、遺漏秀女」和「悞期、秀女殘疾」的官方文件，觀察選驗秀女制度相關違規事件呈現如何之樣貌，處罰規定又如何被實現和運用。最後，本論文亦嘗試回應秀女在清朝法規範中的定位以及選驗秀女制度不復存在的原因，並提出清朝選驗秀女制度與我國現行兵役制度的比較可能。

Selection of xiunu(選驗秀女)was an important policy as well as means of governance during the Qing dynasty. Under the ruling structure centered on monarchy and Eight Banners System(八旗制度), the selection of xiunu was not only a demonstration of guaranteeing the priority of choosing a spouse to the emperor and the male members of the royal family, but also established a close relationship of mutual trust or say mutual use between the emperor and the Eight Banners’ family. All through the ages, researches on selection of xiunu in the Qing dynasty have been focusing mainly on historical and social aspects. Few researchers discuss the selection based on laws, regulations, rules and official documents containing actual cases of Qing dynasty. Based on the learning experiences in law department, this article aims to establish a specific image of what the selection of xiunu during the Qing dynasty may be like under a legal perspective.On one hand, this article discusses what quality the rulers of Qing dynasty demanded xiunu to possess by reading the clause of “selection of xiunu ”in Qianlong’s Regulation of Ministry of Revenue(乾隆朝《欽定戶部則例》). On the other hand, this article focuses on the analysis of penalties related to concealment or omission of xiunu, including Regulation of Da-Qing HuiDian(《欽定大清會典則例》) and the like. Furthermore, by observing official documents regarding “one who take a xiunu as wife before she fulfill the obligation of participating the selection”, “one who conceal or miss out a xiunu that hasn’t yet fulfilled the obligation of participating the selection” and “xiunu whom not entering the selecting process in time or whom being handicapped ”, this article tries to figure out how related violations of the selection of xiunu appeared during the Qianlong period as well as how relative penalties really worked then.Finally, this article tries to reply to questions of what status xiunu has in the law system of Qing dynasty and why the selection of xiunu no longer exists. Meanwhile proposing a new comparison between the selection of xiunu during the Qing dynasty and the current military service system in Taiwan.