人工智慧系統使用者之民事責任──以自動駕駛汽車為中心

The civil liability of artificial intelligence system users--focusing on autonomous vehicles

系所名稱：財經法律研究所 學位別：碩士 畢業學年：108年 指導教授：曾品傑 自駕車為人工智慧實踐中極為重要的一環，其能為人類社會帶來安全與便利，不久的將來自駕車即可能量產化、商用化，使交通模式發生巨大變革，對於現行法律亦將產生一定程度之衝擊。Level 4及Level 5之自駕車，已無實際駕駛人與駕駛行為之概念，當發生車禍時，美國法文獻上普遍認為，僅啟動自駕車與設定路線之使用者，無法該當車禍事故之侵權行為人；反之，應將車禍責任歸屬於自駕車製造商，適用商品責任處理侵權責任問題，亦有論者提出製造商企業責任之概念，由各製造商共同分擔自駕車造成之人身損害賠償責任。我國法處理該議題之基本調性與美國法類似，得採取消費者保護法第7條以下之商品責任，處理事故責任歸屬問題，由製造商承擔事故風險。又我國消費者保護法定有服務責任，屬於各國立法例中較為特殊之立法，若自駕車載運服務欠缺安全性而發生車禍，受損害之消費者或第三人得主張服務責任，請求損害賠償。自駕車對於契約法之影響係屬輕微，本文嘗試檢驗我國契約法，提出個別要件於解釋適用上須注意之部分。自駕車商用化後，成為自由交易之標的，則涉及物之瑕疵擔保與債務不履行之問題，其中較受矚目者，乃從給付義務、附隨義務之建構。又提供運送服務之企業經營者，以自駕車取代人類司機，則涉及承攬契約與旅客運送契約規範適用上之問題。本文嘗試另闢蹊徑，從準權利主體角度觀察自駕車，處理人工智慧似人非人之特性，希冀能建構更縝密之法適用體系。

Autonomous vehicles, one of the most crucial parts of artificial intelligence, will soon be mass-produced and commercialized. Especially when the concepts of drivers and driving no longer exist in level 4 and 5 autonomous vehicles, it raises an important issue about the imputation in a car accident. In U.S. Law, the liability in the car accident is transformed from autonomous vehicles users to manufacturers. Meanwhile, the concept of manufacturer enterprise responsibility is also proposed as a solution, in which the manufacturers share the liability of personal damage caused by the autonomous vehicles. In our country, we can use product liability enacted under article 7 of Consumer Protection Act to tackle the problem of liability in an accident. Furthermore, service liability in Consumer Protection Act, which the manufacturers should compensate consumers or the third parties when the transportation service they provide fails to meet the contemporary technical and professional standards with reasonably expected safety, can be used to deal with the problem as well.The author tries to examine Contract Law in our country with autonomous vehicle. First, autonomous vehicles will concern issues related to defect warranty and the liability of non-performance after they are commercialized. Among others, the establishment of accessory obligation and collateral obligation is prominent. Besides, the transportation service with autonomous vehicles are related to the contract of hire of work and carriage of passengers. The author tries to blaze a trail by observing the autonomous vehicles as quasi-entities to deal with the humanlike characteristic of artificial intelligence, and hope to construct a more rigorous legal system.