藥物進階濫用青少年戒除濫用行為與復原歷程之研究

Gateway Drug Abuse: A Study on Abstinence from Drug Abuse in Adolescents and Rehabilitation Process

系所名稱：犯罪防治研究所 學位別：碩士 畢業學年：108年 指導教授：鄭瑞隆 本研究旨在探討青少年初次用藥及進階用藥之經驗與原因，及戒除藥物濫用行為及其復原的歷程。本研究為質性研究，採用訪談方式進行資料蒐集，共有五位男性及二位女性具有進階用藥經驗之受訪者參與研究。研究結果顯示初次接觸非法藥物的情境以朋友聚會為居多，藥物由友人或幫派成員免費提供。初次使用藥物的原因分別受到心理因素、家庭、複雜工作環境等微視、中視、鉅視因素影響。藥物的進階使用分別受到不良社交網絡、藥物接受性提高、對於原使用藥物已無感、毒品存貨不足轉而使用其他藥物等影響。當藥物昂貴無力負擔或用藥後的副作用開始影響生活等原因會讓用藥者萌生戒除用藥的念頭；而家庭及人際關係的失去等因素則能引發戒除用藥的動機。受訪者曾以尋求專業醫療幫助、遠離用藥環境等方式來戒除用藥。在戒除過程中，曾因身處的環境未改變、壓力事件影響、與用藥友人重新建立連繫等因素而戒除失敗。戒藥者最後以正向力量的支持、重要關係的連結、社政單位的主動介入等方式來維持戒除藥物濫用效果。根據本研究結果，研究者針對實務及政策以及未來研究提出可行之建議。

The purpose of this research is to explore the experience and causes of adolescents’ first moment of drug use and gateway drug use as well as the process of their abstaining from drug abuse and rehabilitation. As a qualitative study, data collection for the thesis was carried out via in-depth individual interviews with five male participants and two female participants undergoing gateway drug use.The findings of the research showed that most situations where adolescents initiate their first access to free and illicit drugs offered by their companions or gang members would occur at a gathering of friends. The main reasons for their first intake of drugs are under influence of psychological factors, family system, working environment comprised of gang members etc. In addition, the repercussions on their gateway drug use are due to negative social networks, increasing acceptance of drug use, insensibility to habit-forming drug and turning to other illicit drugs available.The thought flashes through these drug takers’ mind that they determine to refrain from drugs as they find illicit drugs too expensive to afford or side effects of drug use have brought serious impact on their life. Moreover, the loss of their familial and interpersonal relationship will boost their motivation for abstaining from drugs. The findings of the study indicate that respondents quit taking drugs seeking professional medical assistance and isolating themselves from environments that trigger drug cravings. In the process of abstinence, the factors leading to their failure are as follows: immersed in an unchanged environment, affected by stressful events and re-establishing regular contact with drug-using friends.It turns out that these drug abstainers maintain their abstinence from drug abuse through support from positive strength, close social bond, proactive intervention from government and social welfare organization, and so on. According to the research result, researcher proposes some feasible suggestions regarding policy and practice and future study.