一部小說的批評史－－論姜貴《旋風》及其評論的三次變遷

Jiang-Kui's Whirlwind And Its Accepted History

長篇小說《旋風》完成於1952年，各版台灣文學史書都將它列為「反共文學」代表作。著名海外學者夏志清且推崇姜貴是「晚清、五四、三十年代小說傳統的集大成者」，更認定《旋風》是一部「能夠發人深省的研究共產主義的專書」，指出它在中國現代小說史占有重要地位。戰後以來，台灣評論環境與文學思潮不斷變化起伏，《旋風》從最早受到台灣文壇一片讚好，海外學者列入現代小說史作專章討論，到1980年代末，兩岸開放後大陸學者以意識形態相異而大加撻伐──上述三種評論現象分別出現在不同年代，以時間縱軸加以貫串，即形成戰後「旋風研究」的三個不同階段。同樣一部小說，由於它的特殊「反共體質」，隨著文學環境與思潮變遷，而形成六十年來一部曲折的「旋風接受史」。本文分三個階段探討其變遷的過程及其詳細內容。

"Completed in 1952, Jiang-Kui's'Whirlwind' was considered a masterpiece of the 'anti-communist literature' by most historians of Taiwan literature. Hsia Chih-tsing, a well-known overseas scholar and critic, regarded Jiang-Kui, as 'a synthesizer of lateQing and May-forth literary tradition', and his novel 'Whirlwind' represents the culmination of realistic, satiric tradition of Chinese novel. In the post-war Taiwan, the literary trend was changing continuously, and praises and criticisms on 'Whirlwind' appeared along with different situations in literary circles. As a literally work, 'Whirlwind' was praised by writers in Taiwan during the 1950's. In the 1960's, Hsia Chih-tsing spent an exclusive chapter to discuss 'Whirlwind' in his A History of Modern Chinese Fiction. In the 1980's, scholars from Mainland China, with their communist consciousness, gave 'Whirlwind' harsh comments because of their communist ideology. Due to the distinct 'anti-communist character' of 'Whirlwind', this novel had received different reviews through different environments and trends, making a 'whirlwind accepted history'. This paper explores these three stages chronologically and proposes a history of reading 'Whirlwind' in the post-war period."