史實與詵：明末清初流寓文人沈光文的虛與實

History vs. Poetry: Fact and Fantasy of Shen Guangwen (1612-1688) in Exile

沈光文（1612-1688），號斯菴，曾被推譽為「海東文獻初祖」，歷來也多有學者嘗試運用沈光文的詩文解釋台灣歷史圖像。但這種運用斯菴詩文的方法，很快就會面臨他飄渡來臺的時間，究竟是1649、1652，還是1662年？此一關鍵問題，自清代迄今似乎還未完全塵埃落定。其實就歷史考證而言，沈光文來臺時間從沈氏詩文本身來看根本不是問題，但各時代的史家卻有意無意地將自己的立場投射在沈光文身上，形成「層層的歷史殮服」，以致埋沒文獻中明顯的事實。本文從此問題意識出發，先檢討浙東學派全祖望對沈光文生平的扭曲，並釐清季麒光以降的沈光文傳記因文獻傳抄等問題所造成的誤會與日後衍生的各種想像。然後回到沈光文的詩文，本文主張他自己認為的亡國紀元，不是甲申之變的1644年，而是被清軍逐出故鄉浙東的1646年。確定流離之始與飄流來台兩個時間點後，我們就可以為他的詩作的空間與時間繫上座標，釐清是作於金門，或是臺灣。有正確的時空座標之後，沈光文這位大時代波臣的詩作才會與他的生涯連結，我們才能從中讀出詩文的生命力。

"Considered the first literatus of Taiwan, Shěn Guāngwén (1612-1688) is a prominent but mysterious figure in the history of Taiwan. Historians took his poems and essays to annotate the historical landscape of the seventeenth century Taiwan. However, this approach soon encounters a critical question: when year did Shěn Guāngwén arrive at Taiwan? 1649, 1652, or 1662? This question has not yet fully settled. Although Shěn's works straightforwardly stated the year of his arrival, many historians projected their ideal images to Shěn's life and ignored the obvious facts in Shěn's own accounts. This historiography eventually distorted Shěn's biography and established a fantasy about his life. In this paper I examined the distortions in Shěn's biographies and concluded two crucial points of time in Shěn's life. First, Shěn arrival in Taiwan was in 1662. Second, he took 1646, the year that he was forced to flee from his homeland, as the year of 'state ruin'. Based on these points of time, I found many Shěn's poems were actually written in Kinmen, not in Taiwan. This clarification suggests a critical chronology of Shěn's works is possible as long as we can correctly interpret the historical text and identify historians‟ distortions to Shěn's biographies."