日治時期臺灣海務協會成立原因及功能之研究

A Study on the rationale and functionalities of the Taiwan Maritime Affairs Association established during the Japanese colonial period

如細究日治時期臺灣海洋史之發展，可以發現大致在1925年以後，臺灣出現一些由總督府主管級官員擔任會長，會員包括總督府、地方州廳官員以及該領域重要會社，簡言之是由「官商合作」興辦並執行或推動海事業務的團體，例如「臺灣海務協會」便是其中之一。本文以《社團法人臺灣海務協會十年史》（以下稱「十年史」）以及《臺灣海務協會報》（以下稱「會報」）2份史料為主，再輔以《臺灣總督府公文類纂》、《臺灣總督府府報》，以及相關的官方檔案、文書等史料，以探討臺灣海務協會之成立經過、組織成員、負責業務，藉以瞭解協會之整體營運概況。從本研究可知，1936年是臺灣海務協會在承辦業務以及會務發展上一個相當重要的分水嶺，其業務相較於以往，呈現相當濃厚的官方色彩。而之所以會呈現如此轉變，其主因應為1936年1月時，協會會規修正改由交通局總長擔任會長，交通局開始介入協會會務的運作，促使協會在翌年（1937年）開始轉向為總督府服務，甚至可將之視為總督府交通局外圍團體。為何臺灣總督府會選擇在1936年起開始介入這個原本由退休總督府官員以及一些民間人士所組成的海事協會呢？就現有的資料與研究成果觀之，本文推測應與日本「南進政策」於1930年代復活有關。

"In the Taiwanese Maritime history, during the Japanese colonial period, several important maritime-related associations established after 1925 had chairmen and members previously served as chiefs or officers in the Taiwan Governor-General Office or local Prefectural Halls. These groups were set up through the collaboration between the government and private sectors to execute or promote maritime affairs. Taiwan Maritime Affairs Association was one of the examples. This study focused on the publications of Taiwan Maritime Affairs Association and supplemented other official archives and documents, such as 'Taiwan Governor-General Office Public Archives' and 'Taiwan Governor-General Office Report'. The purpose of this study was to understand the overall operation of the Taiwan Maritime Affairs Association through examining the process of its establishment, members, and responsibilities. The study found that the year of 1936 was a turning point for the Association in terms of its work and internal development. It started to heavily lean towards the government compared to its past due to the Association's rules being revised in January of 1936. The change resulted in the Chief of Transportation Bureau acting as the chairman of the Taiwan Maritime Affairs Association and triggered the Transportation Bureau's involvement in the Association's operation. Hence, the Association started to provide its services to Taiwan Governor-General Office in 1937. Taiwan Maritime Affairs Association can be considered as one of Transportation Bureau's external affiliated groups. Why did Taiwan Governor-General Office choose to get involved with the Taiwan Maritime Affairs Association which was formed by a group of retired officers from the General Office and citizens? Via available data and researches, the study concluded that it was driven by the retur n of Japan's Southward Policy in 1930. "