芬蘭2016課綱雙語教育政策評析

Review of Bilingual Education Policies in Finnish 2016 New Core Curriculum

雙語教育政策正為世界和本土所關心與討論，復以芬蘭教育常作為世界各國關注的焦點，本文旨在探討芬蘭2016新課綱中的雙語教育政策內涵。本文採文件分析法，運用芬蘭2016新課綱為主要分析文本，先針對芬蘭社會中的語言政策準則和學校外語課程進行理解與探索，其次對芬蘭2016課綱雙語教育政策內涵加以分析，最後則針對芬蘭 2016課綱雙語教育政策進行綜合討論與分析。本研究結果發現：芬蘭將雙語教育做為整體教育政策的一部分來籌劃、新課綱中再概念化雙語教育意涵、雙語教育關注的是語言的多樣性和語言規劃的重要性、將雙語教育政策與歐洲語言政策做出連結，以及發展雙語教育同時力求學生應具備基礎的雙官方語言能力和母語能力。芬蘭「雙語教育」是一精細概念，非一「兩種單一語言作為教學媒介的教育系統」的化約概念，據此，本研究提出幾點建議供本土發展與調適雙語教育政策時思考。

"Based on the fact that bilingual education policies are concerned and discussed by the world and local people and that Finnish education is usually the focus of attention in many countries, this paper aims to explore the connotation of bilingual education policies in Finland's 2016 new core curriculum. This research adopts data analysis methods and the Finnish Core Curriculum for Basic Education as the primary analysis text. First, the language policy guidelines and school foreign language programs in Finnish society are understood and explored. Second, the connotations of the new core curriculum of bilingual education policy are analyzed. Finally, a comprehensive discussion and analysis of bilingual education policy are presented. Some findings are as follows. First, make bilingual education a part of the overall education policy to simultaneously plan. Second, reconceptualize the meaning of bilingual education. Third, emphasize language diversity and the importance of language deliberation. Fourth, link the bilingual education policy with the European language policy. Finally, bilingual education covers the essential competences of bi-official language ability and native language ability. In short, Finnish 'bilingual education' is a refined concept, not a reduction concept of 'an education system with two single languages as teaching media.' Based on this, this study puts forward several suggestions to the local government, especially regarding further development and adjustment of bilingual education policy or bilingual teaching and learning. "