社工運用充權觀點於就業服務之經驗分析──以經濟弱勢單親婦女為例

Analysis on Employment Services of Social Workers from the Empowerment Perspective for Economically Disadvantaged Women

本文嘗試從充權的角度，整理出社會工作者針對經濟弱勢單親婦女的就業服務經驗，以半結構式的深入訪談法來收集資料，共計訪問七位社會工作者。研究發現聚焦於社政就業服務方案發展的環境脈絡、社工就業服務的內容、以及社工如何進行服務等三方面。由於勞政就業服務不符需求、以及服務對象需要兼具深度與廣度的就業服務模式，促成社會工作界開發就業服務的重要背景。對於社工就業服務的模式，可區分為四大類：(1)勞政方案委託加機構自籌部分經費－－支持性就業；(2)社政方案委託－－準備性就業與支持性就業；(3)社政公辦民營包括弱勢婦女就業服務－－支持性就業；(4)民間社福機構自辦－－準備性就業與支持性就業。社工運用了夥伴式的專業關係、優勢觀點的工作原則、充權服務的五個階段等作法，可以觀察出受訪的社工對於充權觀點運用於經濟弱勢的單親婦女具相當的共同理念。在工作方法上則以個案工作搭配團體及社區工作進行，團體工作著重於互助，從互動裡開創希望並形成互助團體，社區工作著重於在地資源創造輔以社區合作經濟及建立婦女自主團體，集結同一群人進行倡議發聲。與政府、網絡組織、企業工作時則重視「對話」，促進溝通，扮演協調者角色，並採取行動倡議，為服務對象發聲。最後，本文提出在服務與政策的建議。

"This purpose of this paper is to analyze employment services of social workers from the empowerment perspective for economically disadvantaged women. Seven social workers participated and data were collected by the semi-structured in-depth interview method. The research findings include: (1) The policy contexts of employment services by social welfare organizations were the significant gaps among economically disadvantaged women’s needs, government employment units and social welfare units. (2) Employment preparations and employment supports have been provided by social workers. The funding sources were from government employment units, government social welfare units or NPOs. (3) The key elements of employment services provided by social workers were related to the empowerment perspective, such as the partnership relationships, the principles of the strengths perspective, the working stages of the empowerment perspective. Finally, the practice and policy suggestions were presented."