兒童的抗戰經驗與記憶：以知識階層日常生活為中心的探討

The Experiences and Memories of Children in the War of Resistance against Japan: Intellectuals' Daily Life Discussions

本文以兒童的主體性作為研究抗戰史的視角，探討知識階層兒童的戰爭經驗與記憶，旨在突顯主流抗戰史長期以來忽略的兒童聲音，及其背後所呈現的國族歷史意識。一方面，利用自傳與口述訪談資料，分析傳主所陳述的童年經歷；另方面，關注傳主如何以兒童視角的獨特性，詮釋戰爭經歷在其生命史中的意義，呈現人們看待歷史的複雜性。通過分析兒童私領域的家庭生活、公領域的學校活動，以及兒童創造的兒童遊戲文化，說明抗戰兒童的重要經歷與歷史意義。兒童通常經由家庭或學校參與戰爭，在走向集體的過中深化民族意識；他們積極面對戰爭，從事各種勞務活動，與成人共同承擔戰爭壓力；以「游學」或轉進「私塾」的方式，克服因戰爭被中斷的學業；在成人的安排之外，發揮創意，利用戰爭遊戲將歷史經驗保存下來。兒童作為行動主體，以他們自己的方式參與戰爭，當其個人生命史連結家族史、國族歷史的同時，不但重新審視了抗戰對普通人的歷史意義，也在人類反思戰爭的努力上做出貢獻。

"Using children's subjectivity as a lens on the history of the War of Resistance against Japan, this article discusses the war experiences and memories of intellectuals' children in order to highlight children's voices neglected in the mainstream, narrative of war history and the national historical consciousness behind it. First, this article uses autobiographical and oral history to analyze the childhood experiences described by the authors. Second, it focuses on how the authors interpret the significance of war experiences in their life history from a unique children's perspective, and presents the complexity of the historical views of different people. By analyzing children's family life in the private sphere, school activities in the public sphere, and children's game culture, this article explains the important experiences and historical significance of children in the War of Resistance against Japan. Children usually participate in war through family or school, and national consciousness germinates in the process of moving towards the collective. They actively faced the war, engaged in various labor activities, and shared the pressure of war with adults. In order to overcome the interruption to their studies caused by the war, they constantly changed schools or transferred to private schools. In addition to the arrangements made for them by adults, children gave full play to their creativity and used war games to preserve history. As active subjects, children participated in the war in their own ways. When their personal life history is connected with family history and national history, it not only allows us to re-examine the historical significance of the War of Resistance against Japan to ordinary people, but also contributes to human efforts to reflect on wars."