歷史記憶與創傷書寫：論張光直《蕃薯人的故事》及其一九八○年代小說的再現機制

Historical Memory and Traumatic Writing: Kwang-chih Chang's The Story of A Taiwanese Man and Representation Mechanism of Chang’s Novels in the 1980s

張光直（1931-2001）為知名考古人類學家，也是台灣新文學運動先驅張我軍之子。1946 年底他由北京返台，因「四六事件」牽連而入獄，釋放後投身人類學研究，赴美深造。戰後初期張光直曾於《新生報》發表數篇創作，直至一九八○年代以「吳襄」為筆名發表小說，並著有回憶錄《蕃薯人的故事》，敘述早年生活回憶及四六事件入獄過程，補述了戰後台灣歷史的特殊階段。其戰後創作刻劃了戰時北京至戰後初期台灣的個人生命史，交織另面的時代紀錄與創傷記憶。本文以張光直的回憶錄《蕃薯人的故事》及其一九八○年代小說為討論核心，輔以戰後初期作家的小說與雜文，呈現流離於中國、台灣、美國三地的台灣知識分子之歷史記憶與創傷書寫。結構上，首先整理戰後初期社會狀態與張光直的生命經歷，次節析論《蕃薯人的故事》關於戰時北京與戰後台灣戒嚴前的記述，包括戰時生活、二二八與四六事件的創傷經驗；再者，以一九八○年代小說對比作家回憶錄，剖析生命記憶與文學再現間的互文重編，思索創傷書寫如何挪轉為有意義的文化批判和自我療癒。藉由張光直的書寫不僅得以銜接斷裂的國族歷史，且能掌握戰後初期的台人心靈圖像，而具返觀台灣社會的省思意義。

"Kwang-chih Chang was a renowned archaeologist and anthropologist and also the son of Wo-chun Chang, a pioneer of Taiwan New Literature Movement. Kwang-chih Chang returned to Taiwan from Beijing in the end of 1946 and was later sent to prison because of his involvement in the April 6th incident. After he was released from the prison, he dedicated himself to anthropology research and carried out a study in the United States. He published several works in Taiwan Shin Sheng Daily News in the early stage of the postwar period and had been publishing novels under the pseudonym of Hsiang Wu until the 1980s. His memoir The Story of A Taiwanese Man describes his early life, how he ended up in prison because of the April 6th incident, and the unique postwar history of Taiwan. His postwar works portray his life history in Beijing during the war and in Taiwan after the war, intertwined with the documentation and traumatic memories of the generation. Accordingly, this paper focuses on Chang’s memoir The Story of A Taiwanese Man and his novels published in the 1980s, with supplementary discussion on novels and essays of other authors in the early stage of the postwar period, to reveal the historical memory and traumatic writing of this Taiwanese man wandering among China, Taiwan, and the United States. This paper first demonstrates the social situation in the early stage of the postwar period and Chang’s life experiences. It continues by discussing descriptions in The Story of A Taiwanese Man about the situations in Beijing during wartime and in Taiwan from after the war to the imposition of martial law, including his traumatic experience in wartime life, the February 28 incident, and the April 6th incident. By comparing this memoir with his novels in the 1980s, this paper analyzes the interaction between and reorganization of Chang’s life memory and literary representation to reflect on how traumatic writing has been transformed into meaningful cultural criticism and self-healing. With Chang’s writing, this paper is intended to reshape the nation’s fractured history and more importantly grasps the mental images of Taiwanese people in the early postwar period, which contributes to the retrospective reflection on the Taiwanese society then."