平埔與客家歲時民俗研究的反省

Reflections of the Researches about Folk Culture Between Pingpu And Hakka People

"自2014年起我們在臺東縣長濱鄉與屏東萬巒鄉針對歲時平俗比較平埔族群與客家族群間的差異，嘗試瞭解族群間文化涵化的可能方式，本文則是針對以此主題所發表之相關研究論文的整理與反省，並報告我們所觀察到卻難以涵蓋進研究論文中的若干文化現象，是對此一系列研究的階段性總結。 首先是過去一年間我們在屏東平原以客家、閩南聚落為主要對象做了更多的田野調查，以強化我們對此一現象的論點。多年來我們累積了13個聚落與61位民眾的訪談資料，對歲時民俗族群間的差異，我們根據所蒐集到的資料認為屏東當地平埔族群與閩南族群民俗文化更為接近的結論，亦即文化涵化現象在上述族群間並不取決於定居空間的接近性，而更取決於接觸時間的先後。當然在上述的普遍現象外，我們也觀察到如果有促進族群交流的因素發生，諸如通婚、收養則更容易發生文化涵化現象。 接著我們提出過去數年進行田野調查及論文寫作過程中，認為還需要多加闡述或值得注意的文化現象。我們先對20餘年前一篇文史調查，針對其中關於長濱鄉城山社區曾經有清屯兵的口述訪談內容做深入討論，因為關於當地三山國王信仰的由來一直受到當地曾有清駐軍之論點的影響，釐清可能的誤解對瞭解社區歷史文化深具意義。然後我們報告了在長濱鄉最北邊噶瑪蘭族大峰峰部落所觀察到的民俗文化現象，當地聚落居住戶數不多，但噶瑪蘭族人除夕子時拜天公的方式非常獨特，當地族群混居、歲時民俗又與臺灣東岸最大噶瑪蘭族聚落新社部落不同，是一個值得進一步研究的主題。 最後我們報告了一個平埔家族從恆春東遷花蓮東里的口述歷史訪談，我們先是在東里收集了相關的口述資料，然後到恆春找到口述資料中的重要地點與人物記載，印證先民遷移東部採取陸路的路線與途經聚落。並針對民間天公爐、三界爐的界定，以我們的田野調查資料說明過去對此主題諸多見解的矛盾。本文並對過去數篇研究論文中不夠慎重以致於部分內容有誤的部分提出更正與致歉。"

"Since 2014, we have studied the differences between the Pingpu and the Hakka people about their folk culture and tried to understand the possible ways of acculturation between ethnic groups in Changbin, Taitung and Wanluan, Pingtung. This article is aimed to reflect on related research papers published on the theme. It is a periodic summary of this series of research. In the past year, we have done more field studies in the Pingtung Plain with Hakka and Hokkien villages as the main objects to strengthen our argument for cultural acculturation. Over the years, we have collected 13 villages and 61 people’s interview data. We concluded that the local Pingpu people in Pingtung is closer to the folk culture of the Hokkien people based on collected data. That is to say, the cultural acculturation among the above-mentioned ethnic groups does not depend on the proximity of the settlement location, but on the order of contact time. Of course, we have also observed that if there are factors that promote ethnic exchanges, such as intermarriage and adoption, cultural acculturation is more likely to occur. We conducted an in-depth discussion on an oral historical survey more than 20 years ago about the content of Qing troops in the Chengshan village, because the origin of the faith of the local Sanshan kings has always been influenced by the argument that the Qing soldiers had stationed in this village. Then we reported on the special folk culture observed by the Dafengfeng tribe of the Kavalan people in the northernmost part of Changbin Township. Finally, we reported an oral history interview with one Pingpu family moving east from Hengchun to Dongli, Hualien. In view of the definition of the folk Tiangong furnace and the Sanjie furnace, we used our field survey data to illustrate the contradictions of many arguments on this topic in the past. This article also proposes corrections and apologies for the parts of the past several research papers that were not careful enough to cause some errors."