極低量高強度間歇訓練，對高職智能障礙學生健康體適能和身體自我概念之影響

The Effects of Extremely Low-volume High Intensity Interval Training on the Health-related Physical Fitness and Physical Self-concept for Vocational High School Students with Intellectual Disabilities

"智能障礙者占身心障礙者勞動參與率前三名，體能將影響未來就業的能力。本研究旨在探討使用極低量高強度間歇訓練，對高職智能障礙學生健康體適能和身體自我概念之影響。採取單組前後測實驗性研究設計，利用極低量高強度間歇性運動課程訓練，進行為期8週，每週3次之介入，以徒手阻力訓練的形式，在能力範圍以內全力以赴進行八個動作，而每個動作持續20秒，接著休息10 秒，總共4分鐘；以立意取樣，選取某高職一年級綜合職能料共12名符合條件之15至17歲智能障礙學生參與研究，使用「身體質量指數（BMI）」、「體重體脂」、「三分鐘登階」、「一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐」、「立定跳遠」和「坐姿體前彎」來檢測健康體適能，包括身體組成、肌肉適能、柔軟度和心肺適能（可持續忍受工作之MET值），並以「智能障礙者身體自我概念簡短量表」來檢測身體概念，包括整體自尊、身體自我價值、身體狀況、運動能力、身體外貌和身體力量；並利用成對樣本t檢定考驗，了解介入之影響。研究發現： （1）健康體適之肌耐力（ t=3.74, P < 0.05） 和可忍受持續工作之MET值（ t=2.27, P < 0.05 ）有顯著的差異； （2） 身體概念之身體狀況（P<0.05 ）、運動能力（t= 4.71，P < 0.01） 、身體外貌（t=3 .40, P<0.01 ）和身體力量（ t=3.22, P<0.01） 有顯著的差異。結論為「肌耐力」、「心肺適能」、「身體狀況」、「運動能力」、「身體外貌」和「身體力量」有顯著改善。"

"The intellectual disabilities occupy the top three in the labor participation rate of the people with disabilities. Physical fitness will affect their ability to aquire jobs in the future. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low-volume high intensity interval training on the health-related physical fitness and physical self-concept for vocational high school students with intellectual disability (ID). The one-group pretest-posttest design was used to conduct a low-volume, high intensity interval training for eight weeks, and three times per week. This training is consisted of eight kinds of body weight resistant movements. The duration of each movement is 20 seconds with an all-out effort, and rest for 10 seconds. The study recruited 12 tenth grade students (aged 15-17) with ID in vocational high school. After the training, the participants' fitness such as flexibility, muscular fitness, body composition, and cardiovascular fitness (MET LEVEL), were measured by sit and reach test, 1-min sit-up, standing long jump, BMI, body fat, and 3-min step test. The other physical self-concept such as self-esteem, physical self-worth, physical condition, sport competence, physical appearance, and physical strength were measured by PSI-VS-ID. Paired sample t-test was applied for statistical analysis. The results showed that: (1) The health-related physical fitness of the muscle endurance (t=3.74, p<0.05) and the MET LEVEL (t=2.27, p<0.05) were significant. (2) The physical self-concept of physical condition (p<0.05), sport competence (t=4.71, p<0.01), physical appearance (t=3.40, p<0.01) and physical strength (t=3.22, p<0.01) were significant. The conclusion is the muscle endurance and cardiopulmonary fitness, the physical condition, sport competence and physical appearance as well as physical strength could be significantly improved."