數據本地化要求的困境與對策:以金融服務貿易為例

The Dilemma and Countermeasures of Data Localization Requirements:A Case Study of Trade in Financial Services

數據本地化要求在個人數據和隱私保護、維護網絡及公共安全、確保監管執法、促進數字經濟發展等方面的必要性、有效性、可行性不斷遭到理論上的質疑和反對的同時，貿易協定對各國在數據流動方面的要求也日漸嚴格。數據自由流動既是數字經濟背景下金融服務貿易發展的客觀要求，也是各國開放金融服務義務的重要內容。充分利用貿易協定中的''數據和隱私保護例外''''審慎例外''等保障機制，輔之以數據保護規則的國際協調以及金融監管國際合作的加強，是確保跨境數據安全有序流動的同時實現國內政策目標的有效途徑。

"While the necessity,effectiveness and feasibility of data localization requirements in the areas of personal data and privacy protection,maintaining network and public safety,ensuring regulatory enforcement,and promoting the development of digital economy are constantly questioned and opposed in theory,the requirements of trade agreements on data flow are becoming increasingly stringent.The free flow of data is not only an objective requirement for the development of trade in financial services under the background of digital economy,but also an important part of countries’obligation to open up financial services.Making full use of safeguard mechanism such as the ''data and privacy protection exceptions'' and ''prudent exceptions'' in trade agreements,complemented by international coordination of data protection rules,as well as financial regulatory cooperation,is an effective way to ensure the safe and orderly flow of cross-border data while achieving domestic policy objectives."