《刑法修正案（十一）》中猥褻兒童罪加重情節的理解與適用

Understanding and Application of Aggravating Circumstances of the Crime of Child Molestation in the 11th Amendment of Criminal Law

《刑法修正案（十一）》通過設置獨立適用的加重情節、增設加重情節具體類型、限制加重情節擴張適用，明確和完善了猥褻兒童罪的加重情節。對“在公共場所當眾猥褻兒童”情節的認定應把握公共場所的相對公開性，是否“情節惡劣”應以兒童身心健康法益遭受侵害的程度作為判斷依據；在人數較多的公共場所或者兒童聚集活動的場所猥褻兒童屬於“情節惡劣”，猥褻兒童被在場他人實際感知到或者被感知到的可能性較大亦屬於“情節惡劣”。在涉網絡的猥褻兒童罪中，網絡隔空猥褻和網絡直播猥褻均可能構成“在公共場所當眾”實施。在猥褻兒童罪新增加重情節的認定方面，應以造成輕微傷作為認定“造成兒童傷害”的底線，侵入型猥褻手段和具有較大人身傷害可能性的暴力、脅迫手段屬於“手段惡劣”的典型類型，負有監護職責者猥褻兒童的屬於“其他惡劣情節”。

"The 11th Amendment of Criminal Law amended the aggravating circumstances of child molestation from three aspects: setting aggravating circumstances which are applicable independently, increasing aggravating circumstances' types and restricting the application of aggravating circumstances. The interpretation of ''in public'' should be based on the feature of relative openness, and whether the aggravating circumstances is ''bad'' should depend on the degree of harm to the child' s physical and mental health. Molesting a child in public place with a large number of people present or in public place where children gather is ''bad circumstance''. Molesting child is actually perceived or more likely to be perceived by others present, which also belongs to ''bad circumstances''. Among the crimes of child molestation related to the Internet, both molestation online and molestation webcast are likely to constitute aggravating circumstance of ''in public''. Minor injury should be considered as the criterion for causing injury to a child. Harmful means should include intrusive child molestation, violence with a high risk of injury and coercion with a high risk of injury. Child molestation by a person in charge of custody should be considered as ''other bad circumstances''."