基於暫停法律適用的立法授權研究

Research on the legislative authorization based on the suspension of law enforcement

作為我國法治建設中的一種新型立法措施，基於暫停法律適用的立法授權不同於法律制定、法律修改和法律廢止，也不同於單純的授權立法和授權變通立法，而是一種具有“暫停—授權”結構的複合型立法手段，具有獨特的法律性質。基於暫停法律適用的立法授權主要包括暫停法律適用、立法授權和間接行政授權等三項性質不同的內容。《立法法》第13條為全國人大常委會作出暫停法律適用、立法授權和間接行政授權提供了直接的法律依據，該條法律規定的依據在於全國人大常委會基於《憲法》和《立法法》規定所享有的國家立法權。全國人大常委會作出基於暫停法律適用的立法授權時必須遵循《立法法》第13條所設定的邊界，即在事項上包括但不限於行政管理領域；在地域上只能限於全國的部分地方；在期限上只能是暫時性的。無論是授權主體的授權行為，還是被授權主體行使被授予權力的行為，都必須遵循必要的法律界限，處理好改革與法治之間的關係，切實貫徹“重大改革於法有據”原則，以便為我國全面深化改革的開展提供堅實的法治保障。

"As a new type of legislative measure in building a rule of Law China, the legislative authorization based on the suspension of law enforcement is different from law-making, law revision, and abolishment of law, also different from the legislation accommodation. It is a compound legislative means with the structure of ''suspension-authorization'' and has unique legal nature. The legislative authorization based on the suspension of law enforcement mainly consists of three different contents, which are the suspension of law enforcement, the legislative authorization, and indirect administrative authorization. Article 13 of the Legislation Law provides a direct legal basis for the NPC Standing Committee to exercise these powers metioned above. The rationale for this of the provision lies in the national legislative power exercised by the NPC Standing Committee based on the Constitution and the Legislation Law. When the NPC Standing Committee makes the legislative authorization based on the suspension of the law enforcement, it must act with in the limits set by Article 13 of the Legislation Law. In order to handle the relationship between the reform and the rule of law, to implement the principle of ''Reform by the Rule of Law'', and to provide a solid legal guarantee for the development of reform, the acts of the authorizing subjects and those of the authorized subjects exercising the delegated power must abide by the necessary legal limits."