匱乏與失能──論1930年代翁鬧與穆時英文學的農工圖像

Deficiency and Disability: Discussion on the Proletariat Images of Ong Nao and Mu Shiying’s Works in the 1930s

1930年代日本政府彈壓左翼運動，同時高度發達的資本主義社會迎來世界性的經濟衰退；而殖民地台灣與半殖民地中國則面臨社會運動政治路線的左右分化。被論者視為具有新感覺派色彩的翁鬧（1910-1940）與穆時英（1912-1940），二人生卒年、文壇活躍時間與社會生存環境皆相近，寫作意識亦不斷思索文學如何呈現的問題，並存普羅與新感覺題材之作。承上所述，本文由二人以農工勞動階級為描寫對象的小說為討論文本，包括翁鬧的〈戇伯〉、〈羅漢腳〉、〈可憐的阿蕊婆〉與穆時英的《南北極》，剖析接受殖民現代性與資本主義衝擊的台灣、中國作家的農工圖像。研究步驟上，先由外在環境的物景流變之描述，析論城鄉衝突的空間失序及資本吞噬；再者，針對文本人物身體與意識的勞動異化，刻劃身體殘疾與精神焦慮的失能。透過1930年代翁鬧和穆時英普羅題材寫作的物與人，不僅能一窺台灣、中國作家對農工生活圖像與身心失能之觀察，亦能呈顯兩地知識分子之於個體生存意義與社會環境變化的思想痕跡。

"In the 1930s, well-developed capitalist societies throughout the world faced a global economic decline. During this period, the Japanese government suppressed left-wing ideology, thus increasing political division in colonial Taiwan and semicolonial China. Neo-sensualist authors Ong Nao (1910-1940) and Mu Shiying (1912-1940) had similar years of birth and death and were active during the same literary ear and lived in similar social environments. Their works explored the presentation of social problems in literature and the coexistence of proletarian and neo-sensual topics. This study analyzes the novels of both authors that contain proletarian characters (e.g., farmers and workers), including Uncle Gong, Lohan-Jiao, and Poor A-Jui by Ong and Nan Bei Ji (The North and South Pole) by Mu, to examine the impact of colonial modernity and communism on Taiwanese and Chinese writer conceptions of the proletariat. First, the researcher analyzes depictions of changes to the environment and landscapes to discuss the spatial disorder caused by urban-rural conflict and capitalist repression. Then, the researcher examines the influence of the alienation of labor on the bodies and consciousness of the characters to portray character disabilities, including physical disabilities and mental anxiety. By analyzing the themes and characters in proletarian novels by Ong and Mu set in the 1930s, we can observe how Taiwanese and Chinese authors perceived proletarian life and the physical and psychological disabilities of proletarians. Additionally, the researcher explores the thoughts of Taiwanese and Chinese intellectuals on the meaning of survival as individuals and on social and environmental change during in the 1930s."