鄭用錫、洪棄生八股文之比較──以〈學則三代共之皆所以明人倫也〉為例

A Comparison between Zheng Yongxi and Hong Qisheng’s Works of''Eight-Part Essay''—Taking the Same Topic Articles as an Example

鄭用錫和洪棄生都是臺灣古典文學方面的卓然大家，他們的八股文也備受推崇。想要深入了解他們的八股文成就，除了熟讀作品，透過比較也是一種有效的方法。本文概述了他們的八股文內容及特色，並選擇二氏唯一的同題作品進行客觀、具體的比較，庶幾可使二位先賢的八股文特色與成就更為彰顯。前賢認為鄭用錫的八股文有「根柢深、枝葉繁、氣勢盛」三個特點：根柢深主要指他的經學基礎深厚，枝葉繁指他的文章內容能夠多方面延伸發揮，以上兩點，本文的分析可以證明；然而在氣勢方面，本文認為，由於大量引用經書，鄭氏的八股文較為典重，氣勢上稍遜於洪棄生。洪棄生的八股文也有「雄渾」之譽，由於他善用排比，確實能夠使文章創造出浩瀚磅礡的氣勢。第二個特色是「批判性」，這種批評具有「寄寓時慨」的色彩。第三個特色是合於「正嘉家法」，也就是「以古文為時文」，「強調文章的雅潔精鍊和行文之法」，相較於鄭用錫，洪棄生的八股文很少直接引用經典，內容亦不失雅潔的風格，合於「正嘉家法」。

"Both Zheng Yongxi and Hong Qisheng were outstanding masters in Taiwanese classical literature, and their works of''eight-part essay''are highly praised. In order to understand their achievements in''eight-part essay'', it is also an effective way to compare them, besides reading the works. This paper summarizes the content and characteristics of their works of''eight-part essay'', and makes an objective and specific comparison of their only works on the same topic, so as to make the characteristics and achievements of their works of''eight-part essay''more apparent.Zheng Yongxi’s works of''eight-part essay''are known to have three characteristics: deep foundation, numerous branches and leaves, and vigorous momentum. The deep foundation mainly refers to his profound knowledge foundation of Confucian classics, while the numerous branches and leaves refers to his extensive development in many aspects. As for momentum, this paper considers that his essays are more classic and less powerful compared to Hong Qisheng’s, due to alarge number of quotations from Confucian classics.Hong Qisheng’s works of''eight-part essay''are also known for their quality of''sublime''. This is due to his sophisticate use of parallelism, which can really create avast momentum. The second feature is''criticalness'', because his works of this genre often contain his criticism over the society. The third major feature of his works of''eight-part essay''is that they are in line with the''Zhengjia Family Law'', which is''taking ancient proses as contemporary proses''and emphasizes''the elegance and refinement of proses as well as the way of writing''. Compared with Zheng Yongxi, Hong Qisheng’s works of''eight-part essay''seldom directly quote classics. Besides being powerful, aquality of elegance can also be conceived in his works."