人民幣國際化背景下區塊鏈數字貨幣跨境支付的機制構建

Constructing the Mechanism of Crossborder Payment via Blockchain Digital Currency under the Internationalization of RMB

保持人民幣支付手段的價值穩定與人民幣結算系統的安全、高效，是推動人民幣國際化的關鍵舉措。目前在跨境支付領域占主導地位的代理行模式，將收付款人對開戶行的信任風險、結算系統及其參與人自身的結算風險復雜化，造成支付費用較高、支付速度較慢以及支付信息不透明，而以區塊鏈為技術依托、以支付型代幣與穩定幣為代表的私人數字貨幣對改進代理行模式的缺陷具有一定幫助，但卻新增了額外的市場風險與信任風險，此外，''本國型''法定數字貨幣同樣存在對中間投放機構的信任風險等問題。對此，我國應在界定數字貨幣法律屬性的前提下，對支付型代幣加強個人身份識別，對穩定幣實施跨境支付信息的境內存儲等監管措施。對于法定數字貨幣，我國應明確其具有境內與跨境支付的雙重法償性，合理設置商業銀行等中間投放機構的準入條件、吸收境外金融機構參與結算系統的運營，此外為傳統代理行模式以及跨境金融市場基礎設施的實時結算提供互聯互通的法律保障。

"It is the key measure to promote the internationalization of RMB to keep the value stability of RMB payment means,as well as the safety and efficiency of RMB settlement system.At present,the correspondent bank model,which is dominant in the field of cross-border payment,complicates the trust risk of the payee to the bank,the settlement risk of the settlement system and its participants,resulting in higher payment fees,slower payment speed and opaque payment information.Blockchain digital currency can help to improve the defects of the correspondent bank model,but payment tokens and stable coins bring additional market risks and trust risks,while''domestic''central bank digital currency also has problems such as trust risk to intermediate delivery institutions.Therefore,in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of cross-border payment parties,China should strengthen personal identification of payment tokens and implement regulatory measures such as domestic storage of cross-border payment information for stable coins on the premise of clarifying the legal attributes.As for the central bank digital currency,China should make it clear that it has the dual legal tender status of domestic and cross-border payment,reasonably set the access conditions of intermediate delivery institutions,absorb overseas financial institutions to participate in the operation of the settlement system,and provide interconnection interfaces for the traditional correspondent bank mode and the real-time settlement of cross-border financial market infrastructure."