商用無人船海難救助責任問題研究

Duty of Marine Salvage of Commercial Unmanned Ships

船舶無人化時代下，商用無人船理應承擔國際海事條約規定的海難救助責任。不同自主等級的商用無人船能否妥善履行海難救助責任，需要分別解決責任界分、判定條件以及合理措施等問題。對于責任界分問題，可以通過分析商用無人船上配備的船員、遠程操控人員、計算機控制系統和計算機控制系統編程人員承擔責任的可行性加以解決。對于判定條件問題，應從商用無人船的特點出發明確''處于能提供救助位置的船舶''''不嚴重危及其船舶、船員或乘客''以及''救多少''等條件的分界。對于合理措施問題，可以在''直接''救助措施和''間接''救助措施之間尋求平衡。

"Commercial unmanned ships should undertake the salvage responsibility specified in international maritime conventions.Considering different autonomous levels of commercial unmanned ships,several questions need to be resolved when it comes to the responsibility.The attribution of responsibility relates to the feasibility of seafarers on board,including remote operators,computer control system and system programmers.When determining the duty,based on the characteristics of commercial unmanned ships,such conditions should be established as''ship in a position to provide assistance''''no serious danger to the ship,the crew or passengers''and ''how many to save''.With regard to reasonable measures,direct assistance measures and indirect assistance measures need to be balanced."