基於國家掃盲教育的盲文版漢字研究

The Study on Hanzi Braille Based on National Literacy Education

中國要求明眼人掌握1500個常用漢字才能達到掃盲的標準，而漢語盲文本質上是拼音盲文，因此對盲人來說，要求他們在整體上瞭解漢字的「形音義」有較大困難。本文通過初步的統計，分析了漢字音節（尤其是輕聲音節）、漢字的偏旁和聲調的分佈規律，引入了偏旁標誌符、聲調標誌符以及隱性聲調標誌符等基本概念，為創造盲文版漢字奠定了初步的理論基礎。同時，在案例中列舉了10個高頻掃盲字，用以說明漢字盲文理論的應用方法。結果表明，漢字盲文不僅可以做到和普通文字的唯一對應，同時也可以對漢字盲文進行「說文解字」。所以，盲文版漢字有助於實現盲人同明眼人一樣的「識字」權利。然而，為了進一步優化漢字盲文，並把該理論由掃盲字擴展到規範字系統，本文還簡單介紹了漢字盲文的簡寫，拼音標誌符，結構標誌符等概念，以期做下一步的研究工作。

"The standard of National Literacy Education is reached only when 1,500 Chinese characters in common use are mastered by sighted people; While Chinese braille is pinyin braille in nature and it is relatively more difficult, therefore, for people with visual impairment and total blindness to understand the ""shape, sound and meaning""of Chinese characters as the whole. The distribution law is analyzed of syllables (especially neutral tone syllables), radical and tone of Chinese characters on the basis of preliminary statistics. This paper introduces some basic concepts such as radical sign, tome sign and hidden tone sign, which establish the primary theoretical foundation for the creation of Hanzi Braille. Also, ten high frequency literacy Chinese characters were listed in the case to illustrate the applicable methods of Hanzi Braille theory. The results show that Hanzi Braille can not only achieve the unique correspondence with ordinary Chinese characters, but explain their shapes, sounds and meanings to a great extent. Hence, it is helpful for people with eyesight handicap obtain the same ""literacy"" right as sighted ones. However, in order to further optimize Hanzi Braille, and smoothly extend the theory from Chinese characters for literacy to standard system, the article also briefly presents several concepts of Hanzi Braille abbreviation, Pinyin sign and structure sign and so on, aimed at doing next research work."