消失的「共大」典型――北京農業勞動大學興亡史

The Disappearance of the Communist University Model in Mainland China: The Rise and Fall of Beijing Agricultural and Labor University

20世紀50年代至70年代，中國大陸高等教育界先後出現了三次「共大」創建風潮，高等教育模式由蘇聯式轉向延安式。籌建於1964年末、開辦於1965年初的北京農業勞動大學，是第二次「共大」風潮在北京的典型。該校的辦學方案在實用傾向與「共大」的革命化目標之間搖擺，一定程度上體現出「共大」風潮的特點，並體現教育革命與培養技術人才的矛盾之處。該校在「文革」中亦受路線因素和人事因素的衝擊而停辦。探討該校辦學過程，可以透視「共大」造就共產主義新人的理想目標及其掣肘因素，並認識這一典型的興亡過程中，中國大陸的政治、教育與人事路線變化。

From the 1950s to the 1970s, there were three waves of establishing communist universities in higher education circles of Mainland China, and the higher education model changed from a Soviet style to a Yan'an style. Beijing Agricultural and Labor University, which was established in late 1964 and opened in early 1965, is a typical example of the second wave of communist universities in Beijing. The operational plan for the Beijing Agriculture and Labor University wavered between the practical tendencies and the revolutionary goals of communist universities. To a certain extent, it can fully reflect the characteristics of communist universities and the contradictions between the educational revolution and the cultivation of technical talents. The suspension of the school during the Cultural Revolution was also impacted by decisions over political strategy and personnel. By discussing the process of running the University, this essay will show that the essential goal of the communist university was to promote communism and cultivate new communist people and to also work as a constraining factor. In addition, the rise and fall of the University also reflects how changes in the political, educational, and personnel strategy in Mainland China influenced the development of the communist university.