戒護人員與收容人對矯正機關全面開放異性戒護之意向分析

Analysis of the Intention of Guards and Inmates to Open up Heterosexual Guarding Policy in Correctional Institutions

就矯正工作而言，在人力進用上本應不分性別，只要有從事矯正與戒護工作的熱忱、經過一定之甄選、考試程序與教育訓練者，應可進入矯正機關工作。惟我國目前監獄官及監所管理員考試仍採分定男女錄取名額，原因之一是收容人的檢身及近身戒護仍需由同性戒護人員執行，而女性收容人占全般收容人的比率不到一成，使得女性戒護人員之人數亦僅占一成左右。為瞭解戒護人員（含科員、主任管理員及管理員）與監所收容人，對於戒護勤務性別人力運用之觀感，本研究進行兩階段深度訪談、兩次焦點團體座談，以及針對戒護人員與收容人進行問卷調查，歸納四項研究發現：（一）無論戒護人員或收容人均以不接受異性戒護者占多數；（二）目前，若收容人近身勤務開放異性戒護，恐侵犯其人權；（三）在現行法規下，難全面開放異性戒護；及（四）貿然採行異性戒護將對收容人的人權保障造成衝擊，應有配套措施後採行為宜。據此，本研究提出六項建議：（一）加強戒護人員執勤技能及膽識的訓練；（二）相關法規配合修正；（三）引進科技協助收容人戒護工作；（四）重視矯正機關的教化功能；（五）未來可從勤務單純的矯正機關試辦異性戒護；（六）近期矯正人員招募考試性別比例設限仍有保留必要，可逐漸朝開放之方向規劃。

As far as correction work is concerned, there should be no gender distinctions in the use of manpower. As long as there is a passion for correction and rehabilitation, and those who have undergone certain selection, examination procedures, and education and training, they should be able to work in correction agencies. However, the current examinations for prison officers and prison administrators in Taiwan still adopt the quotas for male and female admissions. One of the reasons is that the inmates’ physical examination and close-body guard still need to be performed by same-sex guards. Female inmates account for less than 10% of all inmates, making the number of female guards only about 10%. In order to understand the perceptions of guardians and prison inmates on the use of gender-manpower in guard duty, this study conducted two-stage interviews, two focus group discussions, and a questionnaire survey targeted guardians and inmates. Research findings are summarized as follows: (1) Regardless of the guards or inmates, the majority do not accept heterosexual guarding policy; (2) At present, if heterosexual guarding duty is implemented without careful consideration, it will violate the fundamental rights of inmates; (3) Under the current laws and regulations, it is difficult to fully conduct heterosexual guarding policy; and (4) If the heterosexual guarding policy implemented rashly, it will have negative impact on the protection of the human rights of the inmates, and supporting measures should be adopted. Based on the findings, this study puts forward six recommendations: (1) Strengthen the training of guards’ on-duty skills and courage; (2) Supplemented by amendments to relevant laws and regulations; (3) Introduce technology to assist in the guarding work; (4) Emphasize the function of rehabilitation in correctional agencies; (5) In the future, heterosexual guarding policy can be tried to conduct in those correctional agencies with uncomplicated duty; (6) There is still a need to limit the gender ratio in the recruitment examination for correctional personnel in the near future, and it can gradually be planned in the direction of opening.