誰是食尚玩家？生命歷程的性別休閒差異觀點

Who Is “Super Taste＂? Gender Leisure Gap In Life Course Perspective

當代資本主義奠基於科學管理與理性化的生產作業模式，人們欲逃脫單調苦悶的「鐵牢」（iron cage），在自我實現的過程中，休閒成為人們享受生活的小確幸，從勞動中解放、滿足自我實現的可能。誰是食尚玩家？旅遊、美食節目帶來休閒生活的風潮。但誰能夠真正成為「有閒階級」（leisure class）？本文企圖爬梳「休閒」在性別間的差異，從三方面探討休閒的意義，分別是時間（time）、活動（activities）及心理狀態（states of mind）。在時間上，必須是無償的、非義務性的「可自由支配的時間」（discretionary time）；在活動上，則必須從事悠閒的具體活動且非工作性（non-work）活動；在心理狀態上，則必須是發自於內在自我需要的愉快、輕鬆感受（Dumazedier, 1974；Kelly, 1978； Godbey, 2008；Tinsley and Tisney, 1982；Kraus, 2001）。本文根據這三方面的定義，探討在生命歷程中，休閒在不同國家產生的性別時間差距，運用國民時間運用統計、OECD支薪工作時間調查等資料，企圖進行時間運用特性的跨國家、跨性別比較，找出性別休閒差（leisure gap）與近40年時間運用變化趨勢，探討成為食尚玩家的可能機會與型態。

Contemporary Capitalism bases on science management and rational production mode .While people try to escape monotonous and dejected “iron cage” in the process of self-actualization, the leisure becomes a little bliss for enjoying life. This is the possibility of emancipation from laboring and feeling satisfied from self-implement. Who is “Super Taste”? The travel and gourmet show bring a trending of leisure life. Nevertheless, who can become leisure class indeed? The passage intend to scan the diversity of “leisure” between different gender from 3 dimensions which are “time”, “activities”, and “states of mind”. When it comes to “time”, it must be discretionary time which is free and non compulsory. When it comes to “activities”, it ought to engage in specific event which is non-work. When it comes to “states of mind” , it is indispensable arrived from internal pleasure. This passage uses the definition of 3 dimensions to probe the disparity of time and attempt to find the leisure gap in different gender. This article uses the variation trend of recent 40 years to find how could the opportunities and types of turning into a Super Taste.