“資本可變”衝擊下我國合作社資本信用功能的法律再造

On Legal Reconstruction of the Cooperative Capital's Credit Function under the Impact of ''Variable Capital'' in China

當代立法普遍允許合作社“資本可變”，其目的是為了更好貫徹合作社“自願和開放的社員資格”原則。然而，如果立法僅簡單允許合作社“資本可變”，必然導致資本信用功能弱化。我國立法亦簡單允許合作社“資本可變”，因此，再造我國合作社資本信用功能非常必要。針對當前社員僅承擔有限責任的合作社，立法可以在允許合作社“資本可變”的同時，通過將合作社登記資本維持在特定水平以維持資本信用功能。同時，立法還可以允許社員成立補充清償責任合作社，當合作社法人財產不足以清償到期債務時，由社員補充清償，從而交易相對人無須擔心合作社登記資本減少，其資本信用功能得以維持。

The contemporary cooperative legislation generally allows cooperative to have ''variable capital'', the purpose of which is to better implement the cooperative principle of ''voluntary and open membership''. However, if the legislation simply allows cooperative to have ''variable capital'', this will inevitably weaken the credit function of the cooperative capital. China's legislation also simply allows cooperative to have ''variable capital'', therefore, it is necessary to rebuild the credit function of cooperative capital. In view of the cooperatives whose members only bear limited liability in China, the legislation can maintain the credit function of capital by maintaining the registered capital of the cooperative at a specific level while allowing cooperative to have ''variable capital''. At the same time, legislation can allow the cooperative to be founded whose members bear supplementary payment liability. In such kind of cooperative, the member will supplement the payment when the property of a cooperative is not enough to pay off the debts due. The member's supplementary payment lets the cooperative's trading partners do not need to worry about the reduction of the registered capital of the cooperative and the capital credit function can be maintained.