專業知識與行政權力：我國環評審批的制度定位

Knowledge verse Power: At the Centre of China's EIA Legal System

環境影響評價是應用專業知識的活動，但是，對項目開發具有“否決”效力的環評審批，則是運用公共權力的行政行為。回顧我國環評審批制度的歷史沿革及其實踐變遷，可以近距離觀察環評審批中行政權力與專業知識之間的複雜關係。要正確處理這一關係，有必要認識到被納入行政過程之中的環評屬於規制科學，具有事實與價值交織、科學與政策融合的特徵，並在此基礎上，以權力與知識的關係為焦點，澄清我國環評審批的制度定位。

EIA is a process of utilizing scientific knowledge while the EIA review with veto effect is an action using administrative power in China. Tracing the history of its creation and development, the complicated relationship between power and knowledge in China's EIA system is observed closely in this article. It is argued that science in EIA is regulatory science instead of lab science, which means it is characterized with a mix of fact and value, science and policy, and China' s EIA legal system shall be revised accordingly to focus on and clarify this mixed relationship between knowledge and power.