從利害關係人解析民意與公共政策的關係：臺灣核能民意調查之認知分析

The Perspective of Stakeholders between Public Opinion and Public Policy: A Survey of Taiwan Nuclear Power Yan

民主國家多以民意作為施政依據，而透過民意調查萃取民眾實際感受作為決策參考參考，更廣受各國政府關注。本文研究目的是以核能民意為例，透過實證統計調查發現同樣議題，不但各國民意趨勢不甚一致，我國核能民意之利害關係人對於核能議題的知識更是普遍低落。再者，不同年齡、性別、教育程度，以及不同居住地區之利害關係人對於核能議題態度與看法也不盡相同。 本文研究結果認為政府以民意為施政依歸固然重要，但須視政策性質而定，尤其是涉及專業性議題之公共政策必須考量到民眾認知程度不足的問題，民調結果僅能做為決策參考，特別是像核能這樣專業的議題；至於民意調查過程也必須先確保所有利害關係人是否對於該議題擁有充分的資訊與知識，否則民眾在理性無知的情況下輕率表意，其民意調查結果不一定符合真實的狀況；此外，民意調查過程中尚須注意的是，樣本結構背後所隱含的影響因素，以及在政策制定前和民眾在接受專業教育後，方進行民意調查。

In general, democratic countries apply public opinion as a basis for governance, and the methods of using public opinion polls to extract the realistic expectations of the public to use as references for decision-making, are gaining the focused attention of all governments. The purpose of this research paper is to explore in depth public opinion polls, while using public opinions on nuclear energy as the example. The findings of empirical investigation show that, not only are the public opinion trends of various nations inconsistent on the same issues, the stakeholders participating in the public opinion survey on nuclear energy in Taiwan are generally ignorant about the nuclear energy issues. Furthermore, stakeholders' attitudes and perspectives on nuclear energy issues vary with age, gender, educational level, and area of residence. The research findings of this study show that, although public opinions are important as a basis for governance, it is also important to consider the nature of the policy. Particularly, when the public policy involves specialized issues, it is important to consider questions concerning sufficient public awareness. The results of a public survey can only be used as a reference for decision making, when specialized issues, such as nuclear energy, are concerned. It is necessary to ensure that all stakeholders have sufficient information and knowledge on the issues during the process of a public opinion survey; or, the opinions expressed by the public, perhaps in an irrational and ignorant manner, are not realistic representations of their true feelings. Additionally, it is important when processing a public opinion survey to pay attention to the hidden factors that affect the sample structure, and to only conduct the public opinion survey prior to the formulation of policy, and after the public has received the required information in familiar terms.