公務人員考試兩岸組制度之調查分析：路徑依賴觀點

The Empirical Research of Enrollment Institution of Cross-strait Administrative Civil Servants - the Path Dependence Perspective

當前我國政府為因應全球化下兩岸關係的挑戰與契機，理想上，其實必須擬定處理相關兩岸事務的總體政策，政府需培育文官體系處理相關兩岸事務的專業行政能力，策劃全球化下兩岸事務專業人才的教考訓用策略。但是，現實上，我國政府機關從2009年起辦理有關兩岸事務人才甄才方式的實際政策，係採取公務人員高等考試二級考試增設「兩岸組」此一制度途徑，亦即採取由考試院辦理增設兩岸類科考試及應試科目的制度路徑，係我國關於兩岸事務文官甄才方式的制度建構。本文主旨，為瞭解我國當前增設公務人員考試兩岸組政策，採歷史制度主義研究途徑，透過制度創設的外部動態因素，觀察及描述我國增設公務人員考試兩岸組之政策成因。首先進行有關全球化下兩岸關係變遷、我國兩岸事務甄才現況等資料進行分析；其次，為具體瞭解我國政府兩岸事務甄才需求，對政府決策與執行機關高階主管進行深度訪談。原預計邀請訪談者10位，結果共有6位願意接受訪問。研究發現當前兩岸事務業務遽增、人才嚴重不足。各類科兩岸組需用名額，必須透過內部溝通協調，才能提高政府各機關通報缺額意願；以增設各職系類科兩岸組考試做為立即置入的甄才途徑，其實是一種可行性最高的制度變遷方式；應試科目鑑別度、兩岸專業職前或在職教育訓練仍然存在改進空間。建議政府能結合學術界的社會資本；各用人機關現階段應先自行在內部建立一套育才、留才的機制；藉由政府組織再造暨流程再造以提升經營效能；陸委會應與在縱向及橫向府際關係建立綿密的政策網絡及社群關係，聯結目前已通過兩岸類科考試人才的流動；行政院各相關主辦教育訓練單位，現階段應在兩岸事務專業教育訓練設計上著手進行整體規劃。

This article covers the government response to the challenges and opportunities globalization poses for cross-strait relations, the need to develop an overall policy for handling cross-strait affairs, the government's need to nurture the professional administrative capacity of the civil service system to handle cross-strait affairs, and training under globalization cross-strait affairs professionals in the tactics. The article describes the results of the implementation of the civil service system in education, examinations, training, and retention. Specific understanding of the needs of government agencies in China cross-strait affairs Zhen only proposed from the decision-making and executive bodies of the Government Service only in-depth interviews with executives to investigate. The former is expected to be invited to interview six persons during the survey period from August to November 2012. The study found a dramatic increase in cross-strait affairs; however, there is a serious shortage of talent. The current education system has established a good source of talent; various subjects of cross-strait group 120 through communications and coordination, in order to improve government capacity, communications willingness. In fact, is a feasibility highest institutional change; still test subjects to identify the degree of cross-strait professional pre-service or in-service education and training room for improvement. It is recommended that the government be combined with academic social capital. Employment authorities at this stage should be on their own in the internal organs to establish training, leaving only the mechanism for incentives. Recycling of process reengineering by governmental organizations in order to enhance operational efficiency also links the flow of talent through cross-strait class examination.