從《茗山日記》看文革以後中共的佛教政策

Chinese Communist Policy toward Buddhism after the Cultural Revolution as seen from the Mingshan Diaries

本文主要透過茗山法師的日記，探討文革以後中國大陸的佛教。茗山的日記從1978年2月起至2001年5月6日止，正是文革後大陸佛教走向開放、重建的階段。全文分由：一、愛教必先愛國，二、改革開放後的初期佛寺重建工作，三、改革開放以後中國大陸佛教內部存在的問題，四、對梵諦岡、「達賴集團」、法輪功以及臺海兩岸的態度等方面加以敘述；最後再由趙樸初的角色、茗山法師的個人修持、國共鬥爭中從事中共地下黨活動的佛門人士、佛教與社會主義相適應等方面，論述改革開放後大陸佛教發展的問題與特色。希望透過本文探討，可以提供讀者了解1978年以後中國大陸佛教發展的片斷。

Based on the personal diaries of Master Mingshan, this article examines Buddhism in China after the Cultural Revolution. Maser Mingshan began writing his diary in February 1978, and ended on May 6, 2001, during which period the Buddhism in China was taking a new shape as the Cultural Revolution came to a close. Four main themes are treated in this article: Patriotism should be prior to religion; Buddhist temple reconstructions at the early stage of the post-Cultural Revolution era; Internal problems confronting Chinese Buddhism in the reform period; Communist policy toward Vatican, the Dalai Lama, the Farengong, and cross-Strait relations. In the latter part of the article, by analyzing the role of Mr. Zhao Puchu, the practice of Master Mingshan and the underground activities of other Buddhist activists, the focus will be shifted to problems and features of the Chinese Buddhism in the reform period. It is hoped that this article will provide readers with a better understanding of development in Chinese Buddhism in the post-1978 era.