最後希望的破滅：李宗仁與第三勢力運動

The Last Hope is Shattered: Zong-ren Li and the Third Force Movement

民國38年，是中國政治史上驚天動地的一年，鏖戰多年的國、共內戰，終告塵埃落定，共產黨席捲大陸，國府則倉皇遷台。處此風雨飄搖之際，一部分對國、共兩黨均不滿的失意政治人物、知識份子，在美國和李宗仁的支持下，雲集香江一隅，首揭反國、共兩黨大旗，標榜反共、反蔣，堅持民主自由的第三勢力主張，此即五○年代在香港曾盛極一時，喧騰不已的第三勢力運動。基本上，五○年代的第三勢力運動，是美、蘇冷戰結構下的一環，它背後有美國援助；以及反蔣勢力李宗仁等之奧援，故有其錯綜複雜的國內外背景因素存在。它們在美國金錢支助下，先後成立了「自由民主大同盟」、「中國民主反共同盟」、「中國自由民主戰鬥同盟」等名稱大同小異的第三勢力團體，並透過報章雜誌宣傳其理念。曾發行過《自由陣線》、《獨立論壇》、《大道》、《再生》、《聯合評論》等10餘種刊物。高擎反共、反蔣旗幟，主張反國、共兩黨，揭櫫要走自由民主之路的第三勢力之政治主張。在這麼多眼花撩亂的第三勢力團體中，最早吹起第三勢力號角者，當屬民國38年，由李宗仁贊助支持，顧孟餘出面領導的「自由民主大同盟」首開先聲，是以本文即以該組織為探討對象，談談「自由民主大同盟」及李宗仁在美從事第三勢力運動的經緯始末。

1949 was an earth-shattering year in the political history of China. After years of fierce fighting between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the dust had finally settled. The Communist Party swept the mainland, and the Nationalist government ruled by Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan. At this turbulent time, some frustrated politicians and intellectuals who were dissatisfied with the Kuomintang and Communist parties gathered in the corner of Hong Kong with the support of the United States and Zong-ren Li to unveil the anti-Kuomintang and anti-Communist banners for the first time. They insisted on the third force's proposition for democracy and freedom. This was the turbulent Third Force Movement that once caused a sensation in Hong Kong in the 1950s. Basically, the Third Force Movement in the 1950s was a part of the Cold War structure between the United States and the Soviet Union. It was backed by Americans; and the anti-Chiang force---Zong-ren Li and others aids, so there were complicated domestic and foreign background factors. With the financial support of the United States, they have successively established the Great League of Freedom and Democracy, China Democratic Anti-Communism League, China Freedom and Democracy Fighting League, and other third force groups with similar names, and promoted their ideas through newspapers and magazines. Zong-ren Li had run more than 10 publications such as Freedom Front, Independent Forum, The Avenue, Rebirth, and Joint Review. They held high the banner of anti-Communist and anti-Chiang, advocated against the Kuomintang and Communist parties, and promoted the political propositions of the third force that supported freedom and democracy. Among so many dazzling third-force groups, the first to sound the trumpet was in the year of 1949. It was sponsored and supported by Zong-ren Li. Meng-yu Gu came forward to lead the Great Alliance of Freedom and Democracy. This organization, the Great League of Freedom and Democracy, is the focus of this research. In addition, the whole sequence of Zong-ren's Li's third force movement in the United States will be discussed.