試論元刊雜劇之外腳

On ''Wai-jiao'' in Zaju Yuan Dynasty Publication

腳色體製，是中國戲曲的特殊表演形式，然而其實際情形如何？歷代各劇種又有所不同。本文以元代北曲雜劇之「外腳」為範圍，經由「元刊雜劇三十種」以及元、明以來的文獻載籍之審視討論，從故事情節之演進，人物扮飾情形，覘知外腳之存在。由於「元刊雜劇三十種」版本並非完整的劇本，其舞臺提示中，明確標示作「外」者，大致可分成三種情況：一、全然只是「外末」之省文，此例最為普遍；二、則是「員外」之訛誤省略；三、乃是元刊真實的「外腳」提示。所以，在討論「元刊雜劇三十種」之「外」的腳色符號，同時必須有所徵別。最後論證得之，元代北曲雜劇的「外腳」之存在及其所飾人物之性質。

Role system in Chinese plays has its unique acting style, yet what are the actual details? Thereare also variations exist throughout generations in all kinds of plays. Therefore, this essay would focuson ''Wai-jiao'' (extra roles) in Yuan Dynasty Bei-qu Zaju (northern tune variety plays), base upon plotevolution as well as character-playing setup through reviewing and exploring 30 Zaju Yuan DynastyPublication, along with literatures since Yuan to Ming Dynasties, to reveal its presence. Due to 30Zaju Yuan Dynasty Publication version is not a complete play script, so the specific ''Wai'' indicationin the prompt book, could generally fall into three categories. Firstly, it's simply short for ''Wai-mor''(secondary supporting actors), which is the most common case; secondly, it's probably a pen slip orstands for ''Yuan-wai'' (squire); and last but not least, it's the actual ''Wai-jiao'' prompt for 30 ZajuYuan Dynasty Publication. Therefore, when discussing the ''Wai'' symbol in 30 Zaju Yuan DynastyPublication, there is the need of differentiating. And the conclusion would establish the existence of''Wai-jiao'', together with the nature of the characters that are being played in Yuan Dynasty Bei-quZaju