基因與細胞禁藥治理──一個STS取向的考察

The Governance of Gene and Cell Doping: An Investigation Using the STS Approach

基因科技之技術範疇廣泛，涉入運動領域的多元方式，為我們帶來許多新議題與挑戰。但目前在臺灣，深探基因科技、基因與細胞禁藥如何可能影響運動領域的文獻仍少見，尤其缺乏運動人文與社會學者之參與。因此，本文目的在試圖增補既有研究之視域，拓展大眾對其之理解並作為運動領域未來建構治理模式之參考。本文主要工作在探查當前國際社會對基因與細胞禁藥的治理，並透過爬梳WADA之〈禁用清單〉（Prohibited List）重思基因科技之介入，兼論在運動領域中對基因科技進行治理可能遭遇的一些困境。主要研究方法為檔案分析方法，材料為IOC與WADA等組織所發布之文件，並試圖以科技與社會（science, technology and society, STS）之視角開展論述。本文發現，國際之生物倫理守則與WADA之〈禁用清單〉為基因與細胞禁藥治理的主要依據，該清單在M3內容及類目之修訂，皆與基因科技發展進程呈現並進，從其演變可觀察到運動與社會情勢之變遷。而大眾對基因的強烈興趣、商業化的基因市場、國家對基因科技的治理與使用態度，皆可能成為運動領域較難對基因科技、基因與細胞禁藥進行治理的因素。本文認為，反思現有倫理規範與價值，回顧當前的決策判準，關注運動領域的知識建構及科技風險問題是當前必要之舉。

Gene technology encompasses a wide range of techniques, and as it began to be employed in the field of sports, new issues and challenges have therefore emerged. However, in Taiwan, there has been a lack of relevant studies on how gene technology along with gene and cell doping may affect the field of sports, especially in the domains of sports humanities and social science. As such, the purpose of this study is to supplement the existing research, extend the public's understanding on this subject, and serve as a reference for building related governance models in the field of sports in the future. This study primarily focuses on examining the international community's current governance on gene and cell doping as well as reflecting on the intervention of gene technology in the field of sports by reviewing WADA's ''Prohibited List.'' In addition, dilemmas and difficulties that may be encountered in the governance of gene technology in the field of sports are also discussed in the last part of this study. Document analysis is the main research method, with documents issued by international organizations including the IOC and the WADA as the research materials, and the paradigm of science, technology, and society (STS) as the fundamental framework for developing the discussion. The findings show that the world's current governance on gene and cell doping is based on the international code of bioethics and WADA's ''Prohibited List,'' in which the revisions of the prohibited method M3 appeared to move along with the development of gene technology, indicating the changes in sports and social situations. Meanwhile, the public's strong interest in genes, the commercialization of the gene market, and different countries' usage and attitude towards gene technology may also make it difficult for the field of sports to govern gene technology and gene and cell doping. To achieve governance effectiveness, reflecting on existing ethics and values, reviewing current decision-making criteria, and learning the knowledge construction and technology risk in the field of sports are all necessary actions to be taken.